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Purpose saddle area blood vessels, nerves, complex anatomical structures, and is the site of the highest incidence of intracranial lesions and the type most concentrated. This article through into the road and microscopic anatomy of the sellar region, by the amount of interhemispheric interhemispheric approach observed by the amount of anatomical structures, the range of exposure, the amount interhemispheric approach the advantages and applications range, deepened by the frontal interhemispheric approach; second is through observation, measurement, research saddle area important anatomical structures, anatomy parameters and their anatomical Contact anatomic variations of the microscopic anatomy of the sellar region , to provide a reference for clinical surgery and the surgical approach, while facilitating the design and improvement of the technique. Methods In this study, 10 patients in the surgical microscope via red, blue latex perfused the cadaver specimens simulation by the frontal interhemispheric Road saddle area of ??surgery, observation of the anatomical structures into the path, and the range of exposure measurement data; completion of the surgical approach will all specimens along the eyebrow and the external occipital tuberosity lcm connection sawn, layer by layer anatomical saddle area of ??bone structure, blood vessels, nerves and adjacent structures were observed under a microscope, measuring and photographed . Results amount interhemispheric Sellar Region olfactory nerve, optic nerve, optic chiasm, pituitary stalk, the internal carotid artery and its branches, the anterior communicating artery complex and perforating branches structure better revealed, and revealed deep hypothalamus and endplate; under the microscope to measure the crest to the optic chiasm leading edge, pituitary stalk, optic canal the intracranial mouth the distance was 39.48 ± and 3.55mm for 42.35 ± 3.93mm, 35.58 ± 3.51mm; five specimens found in clinoid, the former often, between the posterior clinoid ligament or bone, three cases there is a bony connection; saddle diaphragm of varying thickness, thickness of up to 1mm, some only a layer of transparent film, 10% saddle diaphragm agenesis, saddle the phrenic hole diameter of 5.20 ± 1.08mm, 40 percent of the saddle the phrenic hole diameter greater than 5mm; 80% of the sphenoid saddle type, 20% for the saddle before not found A referral type; the location of the pituitary stalk have a rear-and free type, this group of 70% for the rear type, 30% free type; All specimens pituitary arteries have a constant branch to the optic nerve blood supply; internal carotid artery bed suddenly upper section is divided into the eye segment, posterior segment and choroidal segment diameter measurement were 7.63 ± 0.75mm, 3.78 ± 0.67mm, 3.39 ± 0.82mm; 1/3 of the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery A1 of about 3mm within and middle rare perforating branches issued this The two can be used as the anterior communicating artery aneurysm surgery temporary occlusion site; anterior communicating artery morphology variation simple type accounted for 80% of the complex accounted for 20%, issued to six perforating arteries, and its diameter was 0.35 ± 0.12 mm, these perforating arteries of the corpus callosum, hypothalamus, optic chiasm and endplate important regional blood supply; the specimens each side at the same group were found the Artery of Heubner return, the vast majority of the starting point of the returnees artery within the previous traffic artery 2mm; normally leading edge bit chiasm to the tuberculum sellae distance of 5.43 ± 0.94mm, the normal bit suprachiasmatic accounted for 80%, respectively, accounting for 10% of the front bit and after set, the chiasm angle variation, usually in the 50 ° 80 °, the the suprachiasmatic angle is greater than 100 ° the a generally front type suprachiasmatic gap Ⅰ small, less than 55 ° is generally rear type the chiasm, gap Ⅰ larger; end plate to the the frontal front of the distance is 57.62 ± 2.83mm, endplate area of ??50.92 ± 2.89mm2. Conclusion 1 amount interhemispheric path the cerebral hemispheres natural gap diastema enter, not only conducive to the exposure of the operative field and minimum damage to the brain tissue; no need to cut the cerebral cortex without cortical lesions may be caused by epilepsy, limb dysfunction complication. 2 by the frontal interhemispheric approach is not only suitable for resection of sellar region and the extension of the lesion to the top before the top can also open the of endplate resection saddle District to growth in the third ventricle lesions. Can look directly at the amount interhemispheric approach revealed before the outer sidewall of the third ventricle, which hypothalamic surgery effective protection. Microanatomy study provides important anatomical structure of the saddle area, anatomical parameters and the anatomical connections between them, anatomic variations, to provide a reference for clinical surgery and the surgical approach is also conducive to the design and improvement of the technique.
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