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The Influence of Negative Expectation on Individual’s Emotion and Cognition

Author: ZhuLiPing
Tutor: LiHong
School: Southwestern University
Course: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Keywords: Negative Expected Mood Acknowledge
CLC: B842.1
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 77
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Abstract


Expected, based on existing experience and the current environment or other sources of information, to predict things to happen in the future. Expectations and prepare for the impending things are important cognitive functions. Expected, the individual will be the formation of behavioral strategies, make decisions about certain acts in order to survive in the environment full of changes and potential threats. A large number of studies have shown that the expected behavior emotional, but from the results of the self-report is not objective enough. ERP and FMRI study of emotional expected mostly concerned about the expected stage, very little attention to the expected afterwards emotions. In this study, the high temporal resolution of ERP technology, examine the emotional impact expected of individual emotions and cognitive activities. The study included two experiments: Experiment 1 by manipulating the cues and target stimuli, setting overestimated (Hint extreme fear, stimulate medium fear), match (hint moderate fear, stimulate medium fear) underestimated (Hint neutral stimulus medium fear) three conditions expected to examine the different levels of expected individual afterwards emotions. Experimental arrangements in anticipation stage other cognitive tasks, to examine expected category (neutral expected, moderately negative expected extreme negative expected) individual cognitive activities. The experiment results show that: the expected stage, three under the expected conditions induced a significant component of the SPN, the overestimated and correct under the expected conditions of SPN average volatility greater than the the SPN average volatility underestimated conditions, and overestimate the correct expected The difference between the two is not significant; the perception stage ,400-600ms late positive component, three kinds of expectations induced by LPC amplitude differences twenty-two significant. Overestimated under LPC average volatility, the correct expected conditions under LPC volatility followed, the smallest the LPC volatility underestimated conditions. Visible, the greater the expected strength and brain activity, the stronger the more the individual investment cognitive resources. Late positive component of 600-800ms, compared underestimate, greater the LPC volatility overestimated and correct under the expected conditions, then the difference between the two is not significant. This is not conducive to the emotional experience of the individual expectations of the high intensity of the negative stimulus. The second experiment results show that: there is no significant difference correct rate expected under the expected conditions, the reaction time was significantly different sex determination under the expected conditions of the reaction significantly less than expected under the conditions of the sex determination reaction. The three expected conditions, the correct rate of sex determination task difference was not significant difference in reaction time significantly. Significantly greater than the a moderately negative expectations and extreme negative expected reaction when the reaction of neutral expected, moderately negative expectations and extreme negative expected reaction when the difference was not significant. This shows a certain role in promoting negative expectations of the individual engaged in simple cognitive activities. Based on the results of the two studies, we can see how negative stimulus is expected no active role in the regulation of individual emotional, but it can contribute to the individual's cognitive activities. People according to their preference for emotional or behavioral tendency election express the expected strategy.

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