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Dreyfus’ Criticism of Traditional Creeds of Artificial Intelligence Research

Author: YuanLiHong
Tutor: LiWei
School: Jilin University
Course: Philosophy of Science and Technology
Keywords: Artificial intelligence cognitive science phenomenological method
CLC: H08
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 100
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Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI)is the perfect combination of computer technology and cognitive science. With the popularization of computer, gradually expanding of the application of network technology, artificial intelligence technology, we enter the digital, information, network-based, intelligent time of new technologies. In the late 50s, at the beginning of artificial intelligence in language translation, pattern recognition and other areas make the basis of initial success, artificial intelligence experts have been confidently predicted Simon: AI will soon have the team thinking the same capacity, and be able to have the creativity and the same person. However, the development of artificial intelligence science is not a plain sailing. After that predicted, almost every five years, experts would encounter different bottlenecks and stagnation. The urgent need was to use the philosophy of artificial intelligence theory, to analyze and illuminate the cause of the series questions. In the face of this situation, Dreyfus who worked at the Rand Corporation at the time commenced a basic theory study of artificial intelligence. Thus, Dreyfus became the first person, challenged the study of philosophy of artificial intelligence in today’s world. Consequently, philosophy and science re-combined.The purpose of this thesis is that through the use of situation Dreyfus Study on theory and methods of artificial intelligence made by the traditional research agenda of the theoretical analysis, questioning and critical analysis of theoretical work, the significance of Dreyfus. The paper first discusses the theory of Dreyfus Institute of Artificial Intelligence to do the philosophical analysis. Discussed included the development of artificial intelligence division of the stage, the ontology and methodology from the point of view of every stage of stagnation and the reasons for the failure analysis, and his artificial intelligence as the basis of the traditional well-known program the "four hypotheses." To do at the basis of the above discussion, the thesis of artificial intelligence focusing on the traditional program of Dreyfus’s critique of philosophy and the basis of Husserl’s theory of mind and intention of the theory and technical concept such as Heidegger, in-depth discussion of Dreyfus’s theoretical work on the situation and study the development of important technological advances in artificial intelligence value.Thesis is divided into five parts:The first part is the Preamble to briefly introduce the purpose and significance of topics, research and innovation, such as the status quo.The second part is the second chapter; the chapter focuses on the study of artificial intelligence Dreyfus theory to the analysis and critical questioning. First of all, Dreyfus described the history of the development of artificial intelligence division of the stage, that is, in four phases: (1) Analog stage of cognitive (2) Semantic information processing stage (3) control the world stage of Micro (4) problem faced by knowledge representation stage . The obstacle to the development of artificial intelligence is the same stages, each stage separately with different difficulties encountered, as well as to the next phase of stagnation. But never mentioned in the research field of optimism permeated with an atmosphere of fanaticism,such as Herbert Simon three predicts. The foundation of artificial intelligence at the time the concept and framework for discussion of critical be considered outdated, can not be allowed. Dreyfus pointed out that such optimism is unfounded. Artificial intelligence research the root causes of the difficulties experienced in this field lies in the lack of self-critical systems. AI think the reason he hit the stagnation stage, the final analysis, artificial intelligence research are human and machine fuzzy cognitive model of the existence of fundamental differences: (1) the edge of awareness and inspiration to guide search (2) the accuracy of context has nothing to do and tolerance of ambiguity (3) the nature / nonessential distinction between exploration and trial and error (4) portfolio with the characteristics of clear table.Artificial Intelligence can be seen and therefore not accidental difficulties. Dreyfus situation the use of study methods, with a profound philosophical theory, to reflect on all the cognitive simulation and artificial intelligence to carry out the process of research, finally found the theory of stagnation in the root of the profound, that is, the development of artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the on: (1) the assumption that biology (2) psychological assumptions (3) epistemological assumptions (4) the assumption that ontology.It seems at Dreyfus, which is not a simple scientific assumption, but on assumptions based on assumptions. The ultimate goal of artificial intelligence is to enable computer access to intelligence. And all information stored in the computer are clear, discrete, linear, rule-based and defined, but there is no evidence that the same thing applies to human thought. Dreyfus therefore should not consider these assumptions will eventually become a solid theoretical foundation, artificial intelligence difficulties are unavoidable. The limits of artificial intelligence must exist. Optimist predictions are impossible to realize. Finally he stressed the body, the situation and look forward to intelligent behavior has an important role, and advise researchers in artificial intelligence, it is necessary to get a clear understanding of the computer can not simulate human information processing, rather than blind optimism, it will achieve the goal can not be on removed to open up new areas, namely human-computer symbiosis shifting system.The third part of III& IV, is the concluding part. Chapter III, the main study of artificial intelligence from the Dreyfus disjunctive critical in the basis of his argument: (1) Husserl’s phenomenology of artificial intelligence research for the Dreyfus situation provides a method of study. (2) Heidegger’s view on technology are a critical view of the theoretical basis of Dreyfus’s theory artificial intelligence technology. Dreyfus’s further research work on artificial intelligence theory to study the phenomenon of development and the impact of the spread. The fourth chapter on the basis of the first three chapters of analysis and discussion of the thesis, discussed to summarize Dreyfus’ theoretic work, in order to restate the value of this study of Dreyfus’theory.

Dreyfus’ Criticism of Traditional Creeds of Artificial Intelligence Research

Abstract

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