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New Construction of the Rural Areas is the development balance between urban and rural; while new type peasants cultivation is the core of New Construction of the Rural Areas. Chongqing City, characterized as " a huge rural zero derived by a huge city " ,as a "New Special Administrative Region", yet New Construction of the Rural Areas impelled relatively slow, by contrast the rapid development of cities, low quality of peasants is a major reason.This paper, in the background, based on 683 peasant’s questionnaires from 8 districts, considered the situation in Chongqing, researched and analyzed problems that existed the training of new type peasants, and then gave some countermeasures and suggestions.First of all, this paper researched the basic connotation of new type peasants and thought that a new type peasant should have higher cultural qualities, the higher the quality of the science and technology, a good ideological and moral qualities, strong management and good quality of the physical quality of the farmers. Then, on the basis of other scholars study, the author established a evaluation index system of new type peasants in Chongqing, and estimated the degree of realization to new type peasants, based on the questionnaires. The result occurred that the peasants in Chongqing had the lower the quality, far from the standard of new type peasants. They not only were short of education, lagging behind the use of agricultural technologies, but didn’t accept new knowledge and modern agricultural technology; especially in the knowledge management needs to be improved.Secondly, the papers proceed from the peasants’ attitude, will and demand on training and made use of 683 questionnaires. We found peasants had the enthusiasm to participate new type peasants cultivation, mainly due to increasing their income and improving skills. But there lack training activities. They didn’t understand new type peasants cultivation and considered skills were the most important for them. The coverage of a variety of training in small, only 11.86% of people had participated in training, mainly due to a serious shortage of supply. Peasants’ demand on training focused on skill on cultivation and breeding type. They were fond of the short-term and not away from home training organized by the government .They did not evaluate the effectiveness of kinds of training highly, and thought that the key difficulty is lack of supply, dislocation between demand and supply.What’s more, relied on the analysis of the survey results based on, the author sorted out three main problems in the process of new peasants cultivation in Chongqing: the cultivate awareness among officers and peasants in countryside, a serious shortage of supply on training, dislocation between supply and demand. The author believed that the obstacle of policy and implementation, as well as the reasons of the peasants themselves, mainly led to the emerging of three problems. Policy-related barriers were the lack of relevant legislation, unified planning and the Well-functioning of management system. The obstacles of implementation were the absent of the subject of implementation, the lack of expression mechanism on peasants’ demand, the shortage for money and the distorted view on achievement of the grass-roots level government. The causes for peasants themselves were that a few people were inline to peasants, and that the agricultural production was relatively low, and that scale of land management was very small, and that the trend was clearly stratification.Last but not least, the author, according to the analysis above, combined the special situation of Chongqing, put forward three constructive policy, from three different angles: operating mechanisms, long-term mechanisms and safeguard measures. For operating mechanisms, the author recommended that the relevant personnel incentives, strengthening new plans on new type peasants cultivation, training five teams, optimizing the training mode, and exploring the mode of training. We may promoted the development of long-term mechanisms, through increased funding and the introduction of market mechanisms appropriately and strengthen the building of teachers. The author suggested improving the status of training policy, improving the local laws and regulations, integrating technology and education resources, building platforms for service, to provide multi-level and multi-directional safeguards for the new type peasants cultivation in Chongqing City.
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