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Study on Risk Assessment and Limit Standard of Formaldehyde in Fishery Products

Author: LiuShuLing
Tutor: ZhouDeQing
School: Ocean University of China
Course: Of Food Science
Keywords: Fishery Products Formaldehyde Risk Assessment Limit Standard
CLC: TS254.7
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 399
Quote: 3
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Abstract


Is has been proved that formaldehyde was poisonous to human body. Formaldehyde was classified as A1 carcinogenic substance by International Cancer Research Agency (ICRA), and formaldehyde with high concentration could cause cancers in ear-nose-throat, it also mentioned the carcinogenic potential of leukemia. It was forbidden by law in our country to add formaldehyde to foodstuff in any form, but there were common occurrence of safety problems in fishery products caused by formaldehyde. In light of the present status that background concentration of formaldehyde was detected in several fishery products of our country, the background concentration of formaldehyde in fishery products nationwide was investigated, and data in dietary intake of fishery products were surveyed and statistically analyzed and formaldehyde human exposure assessment was performed. Basic study of formaldehyde risk assessment in fishery products was carried out and a limit standard for formaldehyde of fishery products was suggested according to the food safety risk analysis theory and technique of Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC).There was wide variety of fishery products in our country. Under comprehensive consideration of the production and consumption of different fishery products, the formaldehyde concentration of 228 samples of 23 kinds of freshwater fishes, 374 samples of 89 kinds of seawater fishes, 74 samples of 23 kinds of shellfishes, 124 samples of 19 crustaceans and 344 samples of processed fishery products, 1144 samples in total, were determined by acetylacetone spectrophotometric method.Statistically calculated results showed that the mean value of formaldehyde of freshwater fish samples was 0.36 mg/kg, below the detection limit, which can be regarded as no formaldehyde; the seawater samples was 8.85 mg/kg; the shellfish samples was 1.82 mg/kg; the crustacean samples was 4.37 mg/kg; the fishery processing products(mainly water-swollen fishery products) was 50.35 mg/kg. There were large differences of formaldehyde concentration among different kinds of fishery products.The data of formaldehyde concentration in fishery products was weighted according to the production of different kinds of fishery products in 2007 China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook. The results showed that the median of formaldehyde concentration was 0.58 mg/kg, the mean value was 3.98 mg/kg, and the standard deviation was 13.56. There was great difference between median and mean value which suggests the formaldehyde concentration was concentrated in low end and was not conformed with normal distribution by nonparametric test. The distribution fitting of formaldehyde concentration in fishery products was performed with Crystal Ball software, and the results were conformed to lognormal distribution. The difference of formaldehyde concentration was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, the probability value obtained was 0.000, below the significant level 0.05, which showed significant differences of formaldehyde concentration among different kinds of fishery products. The fishery processing products, seawater fishes, shrimps and crabs, shellfishes and freshwater fishes were arranged respectively according to the formaldehyde concentration from high to low.The formaldehyde concentrations of freshwater fishes from five different regions (rivers and plains region, southeast region, nu-lan region, northwest plateau and northern region) were determined and analyzed by nonparametric test, the results showed no significant differences among freshwater fish samples from different region. Seawater fishes from Bohai Sea region, Yellow Sea region, East China Sea region and South China Sea region were also determined and analyzed. There were significant differences among fish samples from different sea region. The formaldehyde concentration of fishes from East China Sea region were the highest, followed by Yellow Sea region, Bohai Sea region and South China Sea region.The risk assessment of the formaldehyde in fishery products was performed with risk assessment theory of CAC, the results showed the average daily dose of residents in our county was 3.96E-3mg/(kg·d) only by intake of fishery products, the average daily dose of formaldehyde in fishery products in 95 percentile and 97.5 percentile were 1.46E-2mg/(kg·d) and 2.34E-2mg/(kg·d) respectively. The mean value of the hazard quotient of formaldehyde in fishery products for residents of our country was 2.10E-2, hazard quotient of 95 and 97.5 percentile were 7.80E-2 and 1.27E-2 respectively, below 1, which suggested that there was little risk to residents in our country only by dietary intake of fishery products.In conclusion, it was suggested the safety limit standard of formaldehyde in fishery products to be 30 mg/kg. The formaldehyde concentration of 97.6% of fishery samples in our country was below 30 mg/kg which showed the fishery products were basically safe in our country. Fishery products with formaldehyde concentration above 30 mg/kg mainly include water-swollen fishery products, squid shreds and seawater fishes as cods and bombayduck. Water-swollen fishery products with formaldehyde artificially added should be forbidden to sell. In order to control the formaldehyde concentration in squid shreds, the HACCP system and GMP were required for the fishery products manufacturers and retailers. It was unfair and unrealistic to forbidden the dietary use of cods and bombayduck which have high nutritional value. The notification and education of the risk of formaldehyde in fishery products to consumers were necessary, therefore the formaldehyde exposure level of the consumers can be controlled by themselves.Because of the uncertainty of the risk assessment results, the effects which caused by the uncertainty to the risk assessment results should be taken full consideration when risk managing policy was formulated.

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CLC: > Industrial Technology > Light industry,handicrafts > Food Industry > Aquatic products processing industry > Standards and inspection of aquatic products
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