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The Study of the Policy of Nixon Administration Preventing International Pollution from Vessels(1969-1972)

Author: Yu
Tutor: LiZuo
School: Northeast Normal University
Course: World History
Keywords: United State Environmental policy Nixon Administration Pollution from Vessels National Interests the Cold War Mentality
CLC: K712.54
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 81
Quote: 1
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Abstract


After the Second World War, the global economy started to recover and the international trades to increase. The status of marine transportation as an important transport channel is gradually rising. However, with the development of the maritime industry, marine pollution from vessels is becoming increasingly serious .The Pollution from vessels is not only to damage marine ecosystems but also to endanger human life . The deterioration of the surrounding marine environment awaken the public concern.Faced with the deterioration of marine environment and the upsurge of the domestic environmental movement, the Nixon administration settled a series of environmental policies for the Pollution from vessels .There are three aspects: First of all, United States strengthened regional cooperation, and promoted the establishment of the Committee Challenge Modern Society in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The Committee in support of the U.S. government issued a ban the discharging of vessels till 1975.Secondly, United States participated international conference to seek international cooperation to settle the pollution from vessels. It participated conference holding by Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, and signed " The International Convention for Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil" , which granted the coastal State the right of preventing or relieving the dangerous from vessels incidents in the high seas ; It participated the United Nations Conference on the environment held in Stockholm in 1972, the meeting announced the "Declaration on the Human Environment," It declared the ending of traditional concept and reached the "community consensus”of "only one Earth", the human and the environment is inseparable . It has laid a preliminary model of international cooperation for settle environmental problem; Finally, United States advised signing the“Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter ", it play an important role in regulating international ocean dumping disorderly.The policies of Nixon administration settling international Pollution from vessels were not only effectively solve the pollution from vessels in coastal ports of the United States, but also promote establishment of international model of protection of marine environmental. It had a significant impact on the development of the environmental movement and basically the built the basic framework of environmental protection policies in the United States. However, as the superpower in the Cold War, the environmental policy of United States was influenced of the Cold War mentality. The making of U.S. environmental is based on not encroaching U.S. national security interests and of keeping freedom of navigation.

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CLC: > History, geography > History of America, > North America > United States > Imperialist period ( 1898 ~) > After World War II ( 1945 ~)
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