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Study on the Vegetation Restoration and Reconstruction on Different Kinds of Mining Wastelands in Fujian Province

Author: ZhuangKai
Tutor: MaXiangQing
School: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Course: Ecology
Keywords: Fujian Province Mining wasteland Vegetation restoration Soil Quality Community Succession Gray correlation analysis method
CLC: TD88
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 388
Quote: 1
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Abstract

Fujian is one of the mine in the southern China, contains rich mineral resources. Recent years, with the rapid social and economic growth, human demand for mineral resources is increasing, a sharp increase in the exploitation of mineral resources, thus forming the different types of mining wasteland. A large number of mining wasteland not only of vegetation and land destruction, causing soil erosion, but also had a tremendous impact on the ecological environment, and therefore how to Fujian mining wasteland vegetation restoration and reconstruction should be solved in the current environment, the scientific community has become a major issue. Although some scholars have done some research on the ecological restoration of mining wasteland of Fujian, but do not attach importance to a long mining wasteland vegetation recovery, lack of technology is very Fujian different types of mining wasteland vegetation recovery, leading to the ecology of mining wasteland in Fujian restore the lack of scientific theoretical guidance, there is a lot of blindness. For this reason, this study on the basis of a comprehensive Tacha Fujian different types of mines abandoned field investigation and laboratory analysis of a combination of research methods, select Zijinshan gold and copper mine in Fujian Province mining wasteland waste land mine wasteland (gangue Mountain), abandoned limestone mine, the kaolin mining wasteland and rare earth mine waste to study different types of mine waste to different recovery stages of community coverage, species diversity, biomass, water-stable aggregates, nutrients, heavy metals, and soil erosion systematic investigation and analysis of the different types of mining wasteland vegetation restoration effect and succession laws. Gray relational analysis (GRA) to effect a comprehensive evaluation of different vegetation restoration configuration mode recovery, screening out suitable the corresponding mining wasteland applications vegetation recovery mode, and to promote the application for different types of mine waste. The results for mining wasteland Fujian vegetation restoration and reconstruction and provide a scientific basis to develop appropriate recovery measures. The main findings are as follows: 1, Purple Mountain gold and copper waste recovery effect of different vegetation restoration stages: studies have shown that early community coverage changes in vegetation recovery recovery five years reached 93%; With the increase in recovery time species diversity and community biomass upward trend; improved the corrosion resistance of the soil gt; 0.25 mm water stable aggregate content in recovery up to 5 years 62.27%. Purple Mountain gold and copper mining of soil nutrients and heavy metals content have a greater impact, 2 years before the restoration of the vegetation, Purple Mountain gold and copper mine waste soil nutrient content did not change significantly, to restore the five-year increase in soil nutrient content, but the available P the content less;, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni content showed different degrees of an upward trend with increasing recovery time, and Mn declining, which restore soil Cd content of the 5-year National Soil the environment three standard 2.53-fold, Cd pollution more serious soil erosion; recovery one year, up to 48.4 m ^{3 · hm ^{-2 , with the recovery time increase gradually decreasing the amount of soil erosion. 2, Purple Mountain gold and copper mine wasteland different vegetation recovery configuration mode effect study showed that: A outside the other five modes community coverage reached more than 85% early, in addition to the vegetation restoration mode broadleaf species than conifers can be enhanced herbal plant growth; species diversity difference was not significant between different configuration mode, local flood turf can significantly improve the species diversity of the herbaceous layer; different configuration mode community biomass of 94.83 t · hm-2, the smallest 3.27 t · hm ^{-2 , planting Masson pine model can effectively improve community biomass accumulation; the mode B rate of destruction of soil structure and mode F 12.68% and 17.45%, respectively, better corrosion resistance ; Mode D higher nutrient content of the soil, mode B soil nutrient content is low; different vegetation restoration configuration mode there are some differences between the soil heavy metals; Mode A less effective soil and water conservation. GRA methods of comprehensive evaluation of the results of the different vegetation configuration mode: Mode C gt; Mode D gt; the mode F gt; modes E gt; Mode A gt; Mode B, which Masson pine local floodplain grass Liquidambar local floodplain grass , of Masson pine eucalyptus local flood grass early recovery in the gold and copper Wastelands better, as mine vegetation restoration in the promotion and application. 3, abandoned coal mine different the vegetation recovery phase of the recovery effect: studies have shown that the vegetation in abandoned coal mines recovery early Neyraudia to 80% shorter time to quickly cover the surface, with gradual increase in the total community coverage, recovery 13 years ; upward trend in the recovery process in species diversity, species diversity with the control woodland restoration 13 years at various levels, there is still a certain gap, the tree layer is less than 50% of the control area; the different recovery phase herb layer biomass size order of five years gt; 13 years gt; 3 years gt; 0 years; abandoned coal mine soil total N in the recovery process, hydrolytic N, available P, K contents increased, but low levels of available P, available P and low organic matter content is the main limiting factor for vegetation restoration of abandoned coal mine. 4, limestone mining wasteland of different vegetation restoration stages of recovery effect: studies have shown that the the different recovery phase limestone mine abandoned There are no trees and shrubs covered only herbaceous cover. The upward trend in the total community coverage, restore up to 5 years, 80%; species diversity does not change significantly, and restore five years still significantly lower than the unmined control woodland species richness index only control 50% of the forest land; recovery five years the biomass of the herbaceous layer for the restoration of three plots of 2.1 times; hydrolytic N, available P and low organic matter content is a limiting factor for limestone mining wasteland vegetation recovery. Using Neyraudia limestone mining wasteland vegetation restoration to be appropriate, but in the recovery process applied available nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer can improve soil nutrient status in varying degrees. 5 kaolin mining wasteland different vegetation recovery effect of the recovery phase of the study showed that: in the vegetation recovery 2 years after the tree layer, herb layer vegetation coverage have improved to some extent, but the total community coverage remained significantly lower than the non-mining control ; kaolin mining wasteland tree layer, herbaceous layer diversity indexes were recovered, but compared with the unmined control is still a significant gap; herbaceous layer biomass was 2.6 times that of the control; different vegetation restoration stages soil nutrient not obvious lack nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter is a the kaolin mining wasteland vegetation recovery limiting factor. 6, the rare earth mine wasteland different vegetation restoration stages of the recovery effect study showed that: rare earth mine waste land vegetation coverage in the two years after the vegetation restoration recovery is not obvious, unmined control only 1/3 of the total community coverage; Although rare earth mine waste land shrub layer, herb layer species diversity increased, compared with untapped control there are still significant gaps; rare earth mine waste ground biomass of the herbaceous layer untapped contrast 3.1-fold; soil nutrient content did not change significantly, In addition to the hydrolysis of N, K and K, the rest of the nutrient indicators were lower than nutrient deficiency indicators threshold; therefore soil total N, total P, available P and low organic matter content is the limiting factor of the rare earth ore Wastelands recovery The using \}}}

Study on the Vegetation Restoration and Reconstruction on Different Kinds of Mining Wastelands in Fujian Province

Abstract

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