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【Objective】 This study was given high-protein diet for a long time, the content of the weight, and the cycle of Obese Rats Ghrelin, insulin, blood glucose, Ghrelin and gastric tissue expression of insulin in the pancreas, and kidney function and morphology changes discussed diet rich in protein components of the obese individuals islet β-cell function, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and kidney effects. Comprehensive understanding of the pros and cons of dietary factors on the body, and to provide a safe basis for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients to lose weight hypoglycemic treatment. 【Method】 21 days after birth, Wistar rats fed a high fat diet for 14 weeks to establish nutritional obese rat model. Obese rats were divided into high-protein diet group (HP group; 36.7% protein, n = 12) and normal diet group (NC; 22.4% protein, n = 11), normal isocaloric fed for 24 weeks. Observed feeding two groups of rats during the weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) changes. To 24 weeks, fasting plasma the Ghrelin (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), fasting insulin (FINS, by radioimmunoassay), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), 24h urinary albumin (ALB) content, parallel intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), observed under the HP group and NC group obese rats glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Measured after the rats were killed and visceral fat content, observed by immunohistochemical methods Ghrelin expression in the stomach and insulin in the pancreas, and in the light microscope to observe the two groups of rat kidney tissue morphology characteristics. [Results] 1, body weight and visceral fat content: the grouping after 8 weeks, the HP group weight compared with NC group, although the decline in the trend, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.27). The 16-week, two groups of weight a significant difference and be maintained up to 24 weeks (490.92 ± 39.47) g vs (545.55 ± 31.08) g, P <0.01]. )%, P <0.05] were significantly reduced. 2, FBG and IVGTT results: 0,12 and 24 weeks, the HP group and the NC group, FBG level was no significant difference (P> 0.05). IVGTT in the HP group at each time point blood glucose levels with the NC group, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05); the HP group 5,10 min insulin levels significantly lower than the NC group [(91.56 ± 21.72) μIU / mL vs (121.29 ± 34.03 ). The other time points no significant differences insulin secretion. Plasma Ghrelin content: HP group fasting plasma Ghrelin concentration compared with NC group tended to increase, but the difference was not statistically significant [(2.36 ± 0.82) ng / mL vs (1.95 ± 0.64) ng / mL, P = 0.20]. Plasma Ghrelin concentration and body weight (r = -0.373, P <0.05), visceral fat content (r = -0.454, P <0.01), FINS content was negatively correlated (r = -0.390, P <0.05). The 24h urine content of ALB had no significant difference (P> 0.05). 5, image analysis: the HP group Ghrelin expression in gastric fundus compared with NC group significantly increased [(25473 ± 8701.21) vs (10 526 ± 6194.56), P = 0.014]. HP group rat pancreatic islet area, of positive cells grayscale and islet staining positive area ratio compared with NC group had no significant difference (P> 0.05). Was no significant difference between two groups of rat kidney tissue. [Conclusion] Compared with ordinary diet, long-term calorie high-protein diet can lead to obesity rats weight loss; Ghrelin and gastric fundus of circulating Ghrelin protein expression levels; can reduce the first-phase insulin secretion, but did not lead to islet β-cell histological changes. In the same time, the study found no long-term consumption of high-protein feed obese rat kidney dysfunction.
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