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Natural monopoly industries is the focus of the countries in the recent decades of regulatory reform, especially electricity, water, telecommunications, gas and other reform gradually moving towards market competition mechanism, breaking the monopoly ever. However, the rail industry as a natural monopoly industries the last piece of \business activities. Of course, from an economic perspective, will lead to inefficient resource allocation, inadequate competition, innovation capability lag monopoly to a certain extent. Therefore, countries in the world have continued to carry the railway reform, that might be taken by the railway reform and reform of the entry point, a different focus, but after the reform of the railway industry has achieved great results. This article has been taken to reform of the railway industry in China and Russia, two countries for comparison, because first of all there is between the two countries under the planned economic system background, both from the institutional and management of railway operation, or operating mileage of land area, the two countries comparability. Second, China from the late 1990s for the railway industry reform, learn from the experience of the countries reform based on the establishment of several freight companies respective operating range, separated from the road network has been advocated by the reform of property rights only surface formal \the establishment of the railway company shares today, the Russian government for the railway reform, taken step-by-step road network separation, separation of passenger management operating system. However, the results achieved by the \Research methods, on the one hand to take the theory \u0026 history of dynamic comparative method described contrast, mutual control and restraint mechanisms, investment mechanism and other aspects of the reform period; On the other hand take the commonly used performance measure in transportation economics compare the GDP contribution of the respective countries after the reform, the Chinese and Russian railway freight turnover. Although the final \waste of financial resources, corruption generated. Russia also needs further improvement of the railway industry reform model, \
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