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The Interaction between State and NGOs in Developing Countries from the Perspective of Transnational Forces: An Inquiry of Environmental Area

Author: YuXiao
Tutor: YuXunDa
School: Zhejiang University
Course: International relations
Keywords: Transnational Forces Developing Countries NGOs IGOs
CLC: X321
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2008
Downloads: 78
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Abstract


Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have proliferated in number and become increasingly influential players in developing countries in the past three decades. The article first provides a top-down explanation for the rapid growth of indigenous NGOs by focusing on the expanded international political opportunities in form of funding and political access and the rise of a pro-NGO norm among donor states and international organizations (IGOs). While transnational forces such as IGOs, INGOs and developing countries have offered opportunities to indigenous NGOs for resource mobilization and political access, the promotion of a new pro-NGO international norm by transnational forces from the 1980s has put top-down pressures on developing countries to support and include NGOs in both international and national politics. Further, transnational forces have influenced and reshaped state-NGOs relationship in developing countries. By analyzing the governments’ NGOs policy, the elements of NGOs autonomy, coexistence of cooperation and conflict and barriers to develop a healthy state-NGO relationship, the article describes the interaction between state and NGOs in developing countries in a general pattern, with an emphasis on the role of transnational forces. The Sardar Sarovar Project has attained a symbolic status in the debate around development and it has well illustrated the impact and limitation of transnational forces on the interaction between states and NGOs in developing world in environmental area. Transnational NGOs network takes the strategy of ’boomerang’ ,that is appealing to IGOs, in this case the World Bank to bring pressure to bear on a national government, here is India. The wins and losses of the network reflect the fact that the world is dominated by sovereign countries has been changing. The inherent conflict between South and North is also seen in the interaction among states, IGOs and NGOs. However, the interaction in a mutually-constructive network will alter the identity and interest of international actors and accumulate the potential of changing the international system as well.

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CLC: > Environmental science, safety science > Administration of Environmental Protection > Environmental planning and environmental management > Regional environmental planning and management
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