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Landscape pattern analysis is the core issue of landscape ecology. This paper analyzes the Tarim River Daxihaizi to Taitemahu paragraph, before drying - drying period - water three hours after nearly 50 years of landscape pattern change process, the driving mechanism for the landscape changes were discussed. Evaluation of Tarim River ecological restoration potential and comprehensive benefits. Designed to provide data of ecological restoration and sustainable development foundation to provide space for decision making. This study selected the vertical centerline of the main channel water to cross the 12km range extends as a research target, using 1959, 1973, 1989, 2000 and 2008 aerial and satellite remote sensing images. In remote sensing processing software ENVI4.6 in geometric correction; using geographic information system software ArcMap9.2 visual interpretation of the image, select Typical line transect surveys conducted field verification. In ArcMap9.2, ENVI4.6 other image processing software support for interpreting the data topology, properties guide, cut, projection conversion, raster to vector conversion, etc., and finally get the study area in 1959, 1973, 1989, 2000 and 2008 various landscape raster data, the classification results with Arcview3.2 landscape spatial analysis module loading method becomes Grid format, import landscape landscape statistical software Fragstats3.3 extract information. Applications ArcGIS software platform, the establishment of landscape types from 1959 to 1973, 1973 to 1989, from 1989 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2008 transition matrix, and quantitative analysis of the dynamics of landscape structure changes. Then, select the natural and human factors were the driving factors of landscape change and landscape change and driving forces conducted a correlation analysis. The results showed that: climate change, water regime changes and changes in the study area of ??arable land landscape pattern change the main driving force. Main conclusions of the paper are as follows: (a) the last 50 years, human temporal pattern of natural water ecological environment change is the major cause of degradation and damage. References lead to excessive surface water downstream rivers and Taitemahu dry; excessive extraction of groundwater and the resulting decline in groundwater depletion of groundwater sources; With the surge in the number of people in the upper reaches of arable land is also increasing. Incorrect irrigation and agricultural technology measures have led to unreasonable groundwater salinity increased salinization occurs intensified regional climate change coupled together, leading landscape patch density, largest patch index and area-weighted shape index continues to increase, the closest distance between patches decreases, the landscape different patch types of reunion, extension level decreases, leading to increased overall landscape heterogeneity, deepening degree of landscape fragmentation, separation decreases, the landscape Diversity is reduced. (2) the beginning of 2000 after ecological water transport, Tarim River ecology and environment improvement. Gradually rising groundwater depth, salinity decreased. Restoration of natural vegetation area was significantly; 2008 arbor, shrub, herb and water area increased by more than 2000 138.95km ~ 2,116.60 km ~ 2,119.95 km ~ 2 and 19.93 km ~ 2, the percentage increase of 3.8% 2.3%, 2.4% and 0.4%; bare and sandy area than in 2000 decreased 114.08 km ~ 2, respectively, and 341.35 km ~ 2, the percentage reduction of 2.3% and 6.6%, indicating that ecological water effect is very significant.
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