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In the highlands yacon (Smallanthus Sonchifolius) the Asteraceae Sunflower is a dicotyledonous herb originated from Ecuador to Argentina Northwest altitude of 880-3500m, the Andes of South America. Yacon Liver detoxification, the effect of lowering blood pressure, skincare, can effectively lower blood sugar and lipids, and can prevent diabetes, intestinal disorders and other chronic diseases, is a high-grade medicinal and edible fruit. Using modern analytical methods in the paper to its main chemical components were analyzed: general nutrients (crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, moisture and ash) in different parts of the yacon, mineral elements and essential oil composition and content differences; measured yacon tuber soluble sugars, amino acids, and vitamin composition and content; multi-battalion were compared in Pengzhou, Xichang snow lotus fruit leaf volatile oil chemical constituents of the composition; explore the snow lotus fruit leaf volatile oil, the main ingredient of the dynamic changes, and snow lotus fruit tuber carbohydrate changes in the storage period. The main findings are as follows: 1. Analysis found that the basic nutrients in three different parts of the leaves, stems and roots of yacon, yacon leaves of ash, crude fat and crude protein content is the highest; stem sugar ash and crude protein content is too high; the edible part tuber highest moisture content (87.26%), followed by carbohydrates (73.20%), the lowest crude fat content (1.60%). Visible, yacon leaf, stem, is an important supplementary source of protein in the human diet, but also excellent feed livestock and poultry the tuber has characteristics of high sweetness, low calorie. 2. Using high performance liquid chromatography, L-8800 type automatic amino acid analyzer and fluorescence spectrophotometry yacon tuber soluble sugar, free amino acids and vitamins studied. The results showed that of the soluble sugars including fructose, glucose, sucrose, cane fruit sugar and cane fruit tetrasaccharide: yacon tuber, wherein monosaccharide mainly fructose (2.78%), oligofructose, kestose (3.3% ), and cane fruit and tetrasaccharide (3.94%) is based. The free amino acid analysis results show that: the range of various amino acids in yacon tuber ratio balanced detect 16 kinds of amino acids in the experimental conditions, the total amount of 259.82mg ╱ 100g, 7 kinds of essential amino acids. The vitamin analysis showed: yacon tubers contain large amounts of vitamins, the highest content of vitamin E (1.51μg ╱ g), β-carotene (1.24μg ╱ g), followed by vitamin B 1 (0.45 μg / g) and vitamin B 2 (0.20 μg ╱ g) the content is relatively low, followed by vitamin A (0.132μg / g) and vitamin D 2 content minimum (0.01125μg ╱ g). 3. Using microwave-assisted digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence method for simultaneous determination of mineral elements content in three different parts of the leaves, stems and roots of yacon. The results show that: yacon leaves, stems and roots are rich in mineral elements, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Sr and other essential trace elements; yacon plants compared with the type and content of mineral elements The more other daily fruit and yacon leaves, stems and roots in the mineral elements content is quite different, the vast majority of the leaves and stems of mineral elements content above the tuber in the content, only the selenium content in the tuber was significantly higher than the leaf and stems. The test for the first time on three different parts of the leaves, stems and roots of yacon chemical composition of the volatile oil analysis. The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation from the leaves, stems and roots, respectively, using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry to identify its chemical composition, 30 components were identified, a method for the determination of the relative percentage of each component by area normalization content in leaves, stems and roots identified components accounted for 98.28% of the total composition of the volatile oil, 98.92% and 94.58%, including the chemical composition of the leaf volatile oil more β-phellandrene, caryophyllene and β- Bi orange eggplant ene. Therefore, the test and thus the chemical composition of the of yacon leaf volatile oil in the different collection points and the dynamic changes of the harvest period. The results showed that the total dynamic trend of its chemical composition throughout the harvest period is relatively consistent, but there are certain differences in their respective content. In addition, the distribution and content of the different types of chemical components in three different collection points Accumulation in, respectively, but their respective accumulated peak period is not consistent. 5 This test uses the hot water extraction method to detect the composition and content of sugars extracted from yacon tubers as well as high-performance liquid chromatography. The results proved that the oligofructose on the composition of the main component of domestic yacon tuber extracted with yacon tuber of South American origin oligofructose no significant difference, but some differences in the content of. The result of changes in carbohydrate composition of yacon tubers at 4 ° C and room temperature storage conditions: fructooligosaccharides easy decomposition during storage of fructose, glucose and sucrose, but stored at 4 ° C oligofructose degradation rate is higher than room temperature. slowly.
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