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Rhizoma Cyperi is the rhizome of the plant Cyperus rotundus L. of Cyperaceae, which is pungent, bitter, sweet in taste and neutral in nature. Rhizoma Cyperi is mainly produced in Guangdong、Zhejiang、Shandong、Guangxi provinces, etc. It can be used to soothing the liver, promoting circulation of Qi, regulating menstruation and alleviating pains. Efficient at treating stagnation of the liver-Qi, distention, fullness and pain in the chest and hypochondrium, gastro-intestinal colic due to invasion of cold and abdominal pain, fullness and pain in the breast, regulation menstruation and dysmenorrhea. In the modern clinical application, it is mainly used to treat gastritis, stomachache due to spasm ,gastro-intestinal dysfunction, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea and other diseases.The chemical components of Rhizoma Cyperi are complex, the pharmacological actions are broad. Many studies have been done in the essential oil and fat-soluble part, more than seventy compounds have been identified in the essential oil and N-hexane extract, while the pharmacologic study is still staying at the extract level. The preliminary tests of the chemical constituents showed that it contains carbohydrate, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, flavone, anthraquinone, cardiac glycoside, steroids, terpenes, essential oil, etc.The research took the dysmenorrhea model to study the pharmacological effect of the different solvent-extracts of Rhizoma Cyperi. The result showed that the Petroleum ether、Ethyl acetate parts of Rhizoma Cyperi can obviously decrease the rate of the mouse twisting reaction induced by oxytocin, which indicated that Petroleum ether、Ethyl acetate parts of Rhizoma Cyperi were the bioactivity parts on dysmenonrhea. The study successfully separated 6 compounds from the Petroleum ether、Ethyl acetate parts by means of silical gel column chromatography. They were identified as physcion, hexadecanoic acid,β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, catenarin, daucostero1. Physcion, stigmasterol, catenarin were isolated from Rhizoma Cyperi for the first time.The analysis of the chemical constituents of essential oil from Rhizoma Cyperi wereconducted by GC/MS. 19 compounds were identified, the highest content compound,a-Cyperone.(-)-isobicyclogermacrenal, was identified from Rhizoma Cyperi for thefirst time.The study of the quality evaluation were taken on eight samples from Guangxi、Shandong、Zhejiang provinces, including the limits of moisture、heavy metal、arsenicsalt、harmful elements; Extractum test including water-soluble extract、ethanol-solubleextract and ethereal extract.The studies results provided a scientific basement to reveal the bioactive substance fordysmenorrhea , establish the quality evaluation method, and prevail the clinicalapplication of Rhizoma Cyperi.
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