|
Different due to regional differences and breeding habits and the scale of investment, resulting in dairy cattle breeding patterns vary even in the same region. This paper is mainly to investigate different feeding patterns in Licheng District, Jinan, mastitis incidence and the main pathogens and pathogens to antibiotics resistance. The Licheng District is one of the ten advantages County of Shandong dairy farming. In recent years the development of dairy farming in the area very quickly, herds reached 37,000 in 2008, from the breeding patterns, Licheng District, dairy farms can be roughly divided into the following three types: 1) wholly-owned large-scale dairy farming field: dairy farming is generally more than in 1000, as Yaoqiang Weiwei Dairy, Yellow River ranch. 2) large the cows residential or dairy farming professional cooperatives: large dairy enterprises to establish a the cow cell and the milking parlor, to attract farmers to the cell for large-scale farming, businesses and farmers contracted to provide the cowshed, the acquisition of the district farmers to produce milk, and some technical guidance and training expertise; unified procurement feed or by cooperatives, providing technical services; fresh milk sales and dairy processing. The total amount of dairy farming are added by different farmers from the household dairy farming is generally between 50 to several hundred head, Licheng District, most of the dairy farms belong to this type. 3) dairy farming district: the the national milk stations governance measures, the state will backyard farmers concentrated unified rearing unified milking cow cell, usually in the household about 30. Feeding and management, large-scale dairy farms owned Weiwei dairy pasture, Yellow River ranch, their farming environment, health, feeding and management level in Licheng District, at the advanced level, there is the rational design of the playground and in bed, feeding on the state-of-the-art disinfectant bath measures TMR mixer in the milking parlor, milkers team has a stable and skilled, high-quality technical and lactating cows DHI determination can be done on the management of quantitative management. Large plot of cows or dairy farming professional cooperatives, environmental health, feeding and management basically is a middle level, and some have no playground, some sports grounds, but generally small or unreasonable playground, the coarse green material supply is uneven and constantly changing, less the amount of the milking staff exchange, milking level irregular. Cows cells backyard farmers ranch sanitation, feeding and management level uneven playground Some farmers dry yellow corn stalks with fine materials, do not feed the coarse green material, or little the rough green material supply and often transform non-medicated bath measures milking personnel, in addition to the outside of the stability of the family members, the rest also when exchange milking level irregular. Mastitis in dairy cattle is a troubled one of the main reasons for the economic benefits of the dairy industry. The disease is caused by the production performance of dairy cows to reduce qualitative difference dairy cows shorten the duration of use. This survey is designed to investigate the incidence of mastitis situation in Licheng District of different types of dairy farms and its major pathogen epidemic law, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of mastitis. Licheng District, dairy milking herd of recessive mastitis the HMT detection and clinical mastitis statistics, the results show that: (1) Licheng District Subclinical mastitis positive cattle in 1725, the positive rate of 47.5%. The clinical mastitis positive cattle 51, the positive rate of 1.4%. (2) The head of recessive mastitis-owned large-scale ranch-positive rate (35.3%), milk the area positive rate (16.9%) were extremely significant manner (P lt; 0.01) lower than large cows cells (67.4%, 42.9 %), cows residential backyard units pasture (64.0%, 46.8%), clinical mastitis mammary positive rate and the difference between the latter two with (P lt; 0.05). (3) In addition to the third quarter (epidemic period), the incidence of the second quarter pole significantly lower than the other two quarter (P lt; 0.01), and the highest rate of new infections is the first quarter (56.4%, 32.6 %) and fourth quarter (52.8%, 34.7%). (4) owned a large farm size backyard with the the large cows district, cows residential units ranch recessive mastitis intensity of the reaction there is a significant relationship (P lt; 0.01). (5) recessive mastitis incidence and feeding management, milking operation procedures, environmental health and age, lactation, parity, milk production has a very close relationship. The three farming model dairy farm of recessive mastitis HMT was strongly positive milk samples and clinical mastitis milk samples Isolation, identification and susceptibility testing of major pathogens. The results showed: owned a large farm size, large cows the district, cows residential backyard units ranch breast bacterial detection rate of 75.7%, 68.2% and 71.4%, respectively, between the former two only difference was significant (P lt; 0.05) ; difference between and a wholly-owned large scale pasture mastitis pathogens and other bacteria with the the large cows district, cows residential backyard farmers ranch were extremely significant (P lt; 0.01), other bacteria, and the latter two are significantly different (P lt ; 0.05). Between the above major pathogen in the large cows district, cows residential backyard units ranch has not reached significant levels (P gt; 0.05); the three ranch infectious bacteria were higher proportion of, respectively, 37.7%, 48.5%, 46.3% mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus; the Licheng District recessive type, clinical mastitis pathogen detection rates were 75.7%, 71.6%, both not statistically significant (P gt; 0.05). Recessive clinical mastitis infectious disease-causing bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci infection rates gap is not obvious (P gt; 0.05), other pathogen detection rate difference was significant (P lt; 0.05), can not be identified bacteria The detection rate difference is highly significant (P lt; 0.01); owned a large farm size (11.3%) the large cows quarters (17.2%) mixed infection rate significantly different (P lt; 0.05), but they are scattered cows district mixed infection between raising units pasture (13.7%) had no significant change (P gt; 0.05). Recessive type (14.1%) with clinical mastitis (17.0%) of mixed infections and no significant change (P gt; 0.05), both vast majority simply caused by a particular pathogen, mixed infection is not serious. Susceptibility testing results show that owned large scale farms pathogens, the large cows residential and cows cell backyard farmers farming model dairy farm mastitis pathogens is roughly equal sensitivity to drugs, drug-sensitive clinical more of penicillin, streptomycin, ampicillin, and co-trimoxazole has a great resistance, and has basically ineffective.
|