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Objective: diabetic nephropathy ( Diabetic nephropathy , DN ) is a common kidney disease . Excessive extracellular matrix (Extracellular matrix, ECM) accumulation , glomerular sclerosis, tubular dilatation and atrophy , interstitial fibrosis the DN characteristic pathological changes . In recent years , more and more scholars believe that the tubule interstitial injury to better reflect the degree of progression of kidney disease , and partly mediated by osteopontin ( osteopontin , OPN ) mononuclear macrophage infiltration to a large extent the involvement in its incidence . OPN is a secreted acidic glycosylated phosphoprotein containing the Arg - Gly - Asp ( RGD ) peptide sequence , with a variety of biological activity in recent years, an important role in the pathophysiology of renal disease has been gradually recognized . On the one hand , OPN as a powerful macrophage chemotactic factor , is overexpressed in a variety of interstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis , and renal tissue macrophage inflammatory infiltration , kidney disease management injury and decline in renal function closely related to the blocking of OPN can inhibit glomerular and tubular interstitial macrophage infiltration . On the other hand , OPN is an important promoting cell growth factor and cell survival factor , and the injury of renal tubular epithelial cell regeneration and proliferation , and can reduce apoptosis . In addition , OPN expression of iNOS but also by inhibiting renal tubular epithelial cells and macrophages , thus inhibiting the production of NO , a protective effect on the kidney . Angiotensin II ( angiotensin II , Ang II ) raised a variety of cytokines play an important role in renal pathology , angiotensin II receptor antagonists
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