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Nano science and technology is the forefront of the late 1980s and early 90s, gradually developed, cross-type new science, which greatly expand and deepen people's understanding of the objective world, so that people in the manufacture of materials and devices on the atomic and molecular level enormous potential of new substances and products, because it has to create a new production process, has attracted increasing interest in the domestic and foreign scholars, its rapid development prompted almost all industrial sectors in a revolutionary change in the 21st century . ZrO 2 is a high melting point (2700 ° C) and high boiling point, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, good abrasion resistance, a metal oxide material of the resist performance. Nano ZrO 2 due to its particle size decreases, it is possible to produce bulk materials do not have the quantum size effect, small size effect. Therefore, compared with the conventional zirconia powder, nano zirconia has excellent physical and chemical properties, and thus has a broad application prospects. This subject were used a cationic surfactant (CTAB), and anionic surfactant (SDS) in the induction and synergy auxiliary role alcohol thermal synthesis method, and succeeded in synthesizing nanocrystalline zirconia having a different structure; the same time, the incorporation of a small amount of metal ions such as aluminum, cerium, yttrium and zirconium oxide modified. TG-DSC, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, Uv-vis and N 2 adsorption - desorption analysis of the samples were characterized. The study showed that the cationic surfactant (CTAB) obvious induction effect on the formation of the nano-zirconium oxide, the samples obtained after calcination at 500 ℃ grain size of approximately 15nm, approximately spherical, uniform distribution, and of tetragonal and monoclinic zirconia nano-crystalline phase coexist; synthetic zirconium oxide to the anionic surfactant (SDS) having a worm-like mesoporous structure after 500oC calcined zirconia pure tetragonal structure, before calcination small specific surface area, after calcination ratio large surface area. The sample was mixed with a small amount of aluminum, metal ions such as cerium and yttrium smaller grain size of pure tetragonal zirconia nanocrystals after calcination at 500 ℃. By XRD analysis shows, the incorporation of metal ions can improve the thermal stability of the zirconia temperature range, from N 2 adsorption - desorption analysis and TEM can be seen, prepared zirconia crystals having a small amount of mesoporous structure, and a cationic surface active agent is an organic auxiliary for the formation of nanosized mesoporous zirconia.
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