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Synthesis, Assembly and Catalytic Properties of Gold or Platinum Nanoparticle-doped Polymer Foam-like Thin Films at the Liquid/Liquid Interface

Author: ChenLanJun
Tutor: LiuHongGuo
School: Shandong University
Course: Colloid and Interface Chemistry
Keywords: Polymer Gold nanoparticles Platinum nanoparticles Liquid / liquid interface Self-assembly Microcapsules Solid foam Catalytic
CLC: TB383.2
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 27
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Abstract


The noble metal nanoparticles have unique optical, electrical and catalytic properties, and have potential applications in many aspects. Recent years, noble metal nanoparticles preparation, assembly of nanostructures as well as the characterization of the structure and properties of many aspects of the research has been more and more attention. Polymer microcapsules and nanocapsules due to its large surface area, good permeability and mechanical properties, with potential applications in many fields, it has attracted extra attention. We used a simple method, through the reduction of metal ions in the liquid / liquid interface and polymer molecular self-assembly, prepared at room temperature noble metal nanoparticles embedded polymer poly (2 - vinylpyridine) (P2VP ) microcapsules, as well as by the micro-capsule by a combination of solid foam film. Noble metal nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in the microcapsules and the solid wall of the foam film, the particle diameter smaller than 4 nm. The studies show that this nano-composite structure has a strong catalytic activity. A room temperature, the reduction of the ions, and the self-assembly of the polymer through the AuCl4-, is generated on the interface formed in the P2VP chloroform solution was mixed with the aqueous solution of gold chloride acid the polymer microcapsules embedded gold particles, as well as the solid foam film. We found, formed in the liquid / liquid interface composite nanostructures can enter the water phase by adsorption to the gas / liquid interface. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), Fu li Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-spectroscopy), UV - visible spectroscopy (UV-visible spectroscopy), as well as the means of light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (Photoluminescence spectroscopy) were formed composite nanostructures morphology, structure, composition, and optical properties of characterized. The results showed that, P2VP chloroform concentration of the solution and the aqueous solution of gold chloride acid concentration have a certain influence on the size of the microcapsules formed; gold particles are uniformly embedded in or adsorbed within the wall of the microcapsules and the solid foam or mural, average particle diameter 2.1 nm; gold nanoparticles composed by about 75% Au atoms, and 25% of the AuCl4-ion, of composite nanostructures gold element mass percentage of 19.65%. The formation of the composite nanostructure self-assembly and AuCl4-chloroform containing trace amounts of ethanol at the same time to restore the polymer molecules in the liquid / liquid interface. In order to further metal ions in the composite structure and the polymer molecules cross-linked to improve its stability, a composite structure deposited on a solid substrate, a UV irradiation treatment. After UV irradiation, the average particle size of the gold particles of 2.2 nm, and all by the Au atoms. This composite nanostructures potassium borohydride reduction system of the 4 - nitrophenol in having a strong catalytic activity. The study found that the apparent rate constant of the reaction with the increase in the number of catalyst used and reduced to four to five times longer changes. TEM observation, the reasons for the decrease of catalytic efficiency is due to the aggregation of gold nanoparticles in the course of the reaction. The gold particles have an average particle size reaches 4.1 nm, and a particle diameter exceeding 10 nm in the particle formation. However, this composite structure still available as a reusable, effective catalyst. Second, the ambient temperature, by the self-assembly of the polymer molecule and the interaction between the polymer molecules and the metal ions, generated in the P2VP chloroform solution was mixed with the aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid is formed on the liquid / liquid interface with embedded the PtCl62-and PtCl42- The complex ion polymer microcapsules as well as solid foam films. Formed on the liquid / liquid interface composite nanostructures can enter the water phase and is adsorbed on the air / liquid interface. TEM and HRTEM observations, the wall microcapsules and solid foam films formed on the liquid / liquid interface and the wall of platinum nanoparticles. However, the ICP-AES results show that the composite containing 17% of platinum element in the nanostructure. XPS analysis showed that ions contained in the structure of the composite nano-platinum element Pt2 and Pt4. The Pt2 ion generated Pt4 ion traces of ethanol restore results. The composite nanostructures formation of liquid / liquid interface the polymer molecular self-assembly and the chloroform solution containing the the trace ethanol aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid the PtCl62-ions for the intermediate the PtCl42-state ion well two ions in the polymer on the results of adsorption. In order to further reduction of the metal complex ion is a metal atom, and to enhance the stability of the nano-structures, the structure is deposited on a solid substrate of the composite nanoparticles of the UV irradiation treatment. Structure after processing, the average particle diameter of the platinum particles of 2.7 nm. XPS studies have shown that this platinum particles by the Pt atom and the two complex ions. This composite nanostructure films potassium borohydride MB (methylene blue) also system has a strong catalytic activity. Studies have shown that the apparent rate constant of the catalytic reaction decreases with the increase in the number of catalyst used, up to third after stabilizing. On the use of the catalyst after analysis, the results showed that reduction in catalytic efficiency due to gradual effusion Pt particles. However, the use of a certain number of times the apparent rate constant of stabilized, the composite system can be used as a reusable catalyst. Enhanced the catalyst stability study ongoing.

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