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Role of Alkaline Phosphatases in Phosphorus Tranfer and Transformation in Point and Nonpoint Pollution

Author: XieChunSheng
Tutor: XuXinHua
School: Zhejiang University
Course: Environmental Engineering
Keywords: Eutrophication ALP Fractionation SMT France Activated sludge Dewatered sludge Soil Sediments
CLC: X52
Type: PhD thesis
Year: 2012
Downloads: 109
Quote: 0
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Abstract


Eutrophication is facing the world today one of the major environmental problems. Phosphorus cause eutrophication is a key factor. Basin water pollutant phosphorus sources can be divided into point sources and non-point sources in two ways. Urban sewage plants and agricultural production are the two typical point source and non-point source phosphorus pollution sources. Phosphorus in the environment with a variety of forms, the different forms of phosphorus migration properties and bioavailability is not the same, and alkaline phosphatase in the form of conversion of phosphorus plays an important role. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to study through the system conversion of alkaline phosphatase in the relationship between phosphorus forms in order to clarify the sediments can be a source of bioavailable phosphorus as well as its migration path. To this end, a study paper is divided into three parts: (1) a variety of ions on activated sludge alkaline phosphatase, focusing on research and analysis of the factors affecting alkaline phosphatase activity, (2) the establishment of SMT France (Standards, Measurements and Testing) based on activated sludge morphological analysis method to study biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems, alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus form conversion relationship (3) analysis and comparison of wastewater treatment plant sludge dewatering , soil and water sediments samples of alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus form of conversion, evaluate different forms of phosphorus migration properties and bioavailability. The experimental results showed that: (1) in the sewage treatment system in the process of alkaline phosphatase activity could be detected. Concentration of 0-5.Ommol / L of metal ions on the role of alkaline phosphatase activation, inhibition and no obvious effect three cases. Zn2, Cu2 and Ag ions of heavy metals in sludge and other alkaline phosphatase was strongly inhibited, Mg2, Co2, Pb2 and Cr6 on alkaline phosphatase have different degrees of activation, while high concentrations of Ca2 and Ni2 activity on alkaline activation of a certain degree, but not significantly. Most common anions even at high concentrations of alkaline phosphatase under no noticeable effect, but phosphate and other phosphorus-containing substances have a strong inhibitory effect on alkaline phosphatase. Cu2 ions on sludge alkaline phosphatase inhibition at low concentrations when possible as a noncompetitive inhibition, but in a higher concentration of copper ions when the performance of non-competitive and anti-competitive inhibition of mixed types. Phosphate on alkaline mode is competitive inhibition. Vmax / Km values ??characterize the sludge can be used as catalytic phosphatase effective indicator. (2) wastewater treatment plant influent water quality on the concentration of phosphorus in sludge and morphology have an important impact. In the sludge, inorganic phosphorus IP and NAIP are the main forms of phosphorus. In different bioreactors alkaline phosphatase activity of the activated sludge inside the main and the total suspended solids (MLSS) linked. In the same bioreactor, elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, often means the reduction of organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphate inhibition of phosphatase activity decreased. At the same time, in the same reactor, the alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus species distribution are relatively stable. (3) SMT method is also suitable for analyzing the sewage treatment plant sludge dewatering, soil and water, species distribution of phosphorus in sediments. Samples of different nature and concentration of phosphorus morphological classification differ greatly, mainly in sediments and sewage treatment plant dewatered sewage sludge, NAIP IP accounted for more than 60%, while in the soil samples, AP's than NAIP content is much higher. In a closed agricultural plots, from the soil to the nearby water body sediments, NAIP levels will continue to rise, the results also confirmed the NAIP is the most prone to migration of phosphorus forms. Dewatered sewage treatment plant sludge samples NAIP content than the soil and sediment samples is much higher, so the dewatered sludge disposal if agricultural or dump excess phosphorus can cause the loss of the water environment, will greatly increase the eutrophication risk. Meanwhile, the dewatered sludge significantly less than the alkaline soils and sediments in a high alkaline phosphatase activity, which is mainly due to the higher dewatering sludge biomass caused.

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