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Ordered mesoporous materials having uniform size and interconnected channel system, the interaction between them with atoms, ions, molecules and even larger object is not only confined to the outer surface, and more importantly, throughout the interior of the entire material. This nature Mesoporous Materials Chemistry and Materials Science, a research focus. Throughout its nearly 20 years of development, the composition, structure, morphology and pore properties of mesoporous materials are convenient adjustable. However, so far, most are expected to achieve large-scale production and the actual industrial applications mesoporous material is silica and carbon. In particular, the mesoporous carbon material having a great specific surface area, mesoporous homogeneous adjustable aperture and a good stability and conductivity, and is stored in the adsorption and separation, catalysis, gas and electrochemical energy storage and conversion, as well as biomedicine, etc. many areas have broad application prospects. Therefore, the thesis carbon-based mesoporous materials as an object of study. Mesoporous carbon materials synthesis technology is relatively mature, people use the template synthesis of a variety of mesoporous carbon material has a different structure and morphology. However, this type of carbon material in the following areas remains to be further studied: (1) the large-scale synthesis technology; (2) further crystallized mesoporous skeleton; (3) functionalized surfaces or fine-tuning of the skeleton; (4 ) commercialization of the nature of the application development. Especially about by soft template synthesis of mesoporous carbon material is in a rising phase. In this thesis seeks to take full account of today's Mesoporous Materials Research Frontiers and trends around mesoporous carbon material according to the needs of practical application, synthesis, surface functionalization, high dispersion and high activity of nano-particles embedded functional nanocomposites build carbon template synthesis of mesoporous materials to expand the system work; same time, the paper study the application of these materials in water treatment, gas storage and electrochemical potential. The second chapter of the thesis is to consider the nature of the skeleton of pure carbon materials. Silica as a template, methane for new carbon source, by chemical vapor deposition, the development of a simple and time-saving route, can be synthesized with a high graphitization degree mesoporous carbon material. The synthesis process without any carrier gas, do not need to fill precursor; and methane pyrolysis coke rate. Therefore rapid synthesis of mesoporous carbon high yield. By controlling the type of template, the temperature of the vapor deposition, time, and other factors, the structure of the carbon material (p6m, Ⅰ a3d etc.), specific surface area (200 ~ 1200 m2 / g), pore volume (0.2-2.2 cm3 / g) and walls crystalline The extent of all simple adjustable. Such mesoporous carbon material has a higher thermal stability, the carbon skeleton of the graphite can significantly increase the degree of crystallinity, and maintain good mesoscopic ordered and high porosity in the 900-1200 ° C for further heat treatment. Such materials due to its high specific surface area, large pore volume and a high graphite crystallinity, can be used as the electrode material of lithium ion battery, and shows good performance. The third chapter of the thesis considering the carbon material surface properties. Wet oxidation conditions, we first study the nature of the evolution of the mesoporous carbon FDU-15 hole, structural stability as well as the types and levels of oxygen-containing groups on the surface changes. Class of mesoporous carbon material has a high resistance to oxidation stability, far better than the hard-template synthesis of CMK-3. After oxidation, the pore surface of the carbon material to generate a large amount of oxygen-containing group (especially carboxy); specific surface area decreased, mainly due to the part of the micropores in the walls of mesoporous containing group blocked; surface oxidation, the material in an aqueous solution. having a greater improvement in the dispersibility of the adsorption and separation of the heavy metal ions, have shown excellent properties. In addition, the use of melamine as the nitrogen source, we have developed a simple heat treatment method, the introduction of a high concentration of nitrogen-containing component or group of FDU-15 mesoporous carbon material pore or skeleton. Processing at a lower temperature (500 ° C) under a nitrogen content of up to 20.6 wt%. Treated at 700 ~ 900 ℃, the nitrogen content of up to, ~~ 4.5 wt%. N-containing species or groups of height and evenly distributed throughout the carbon material, the kind of material shows better performance in the heavy metal ions, and the adsorption of CO2 separation applications. The fourth chapter of the thesis consider doped mesoporous carbon material. The block copolymer as a template, a step through a carbon source, calcium source and template of assembling load CaO nanoparticles mesoporous carbon material. The porosity of the material, of CaO content and particle size are simple adjustable. The composite material has a higher specific surface area (~ 1058 m2 / g) and a high content (~ 20 wt%), CaO nanoparticles, high dispersion, and a small particle size in the adsorption and separation of CO2 shows excellent properties. In the low temperature range (0 to 150 ° C), the material rely on the specific surface area, high-capacity adsorption CO2 (~ 7 mmol / g); highly dispersed CaO nano the high capacity of the particles by a chemical reaction and fast at high temperature (250 to 600 ° C), capture CO2 (~ 3.2 mmol / g, chemical adsorption completed within ~ 3 min). In addition, due to the confinement effect of the mesoporous nanoparticles of CaO sintering subject to greater restrictions, composite materials on the the CO2 chemisorption cycle stability has been greatly improved. Such materials are reported for the first time within a wide temperature range shows good CO2 adsorption performance of the new adsorbent. The fifth chapter of the thesis is to consider the carbon matrix composites synthesis. Silica template, CH4 or CH4/H2 restore carburizing atmosphere heteropoly acid as precursors for the first time at the nanometer scale, cooperatively build a novel class platinum nature mesoporous tungsten carbide / carbon composite material. As the precursor is transformed into a tungsten carbide volume contraction is large, difficult to obtain a mesoporous material having a single tungsten carbide skeleton. Clever use carbon as nano connection restore the carburizing reaction, the precursor is transformed into carbide the voids produced situ coke, thus well connected, to stabilize the tungsten carbide nanocrystalline. The composite material having a high specific surface area (~ 169 m2 / g), higher than those reported in the literature tungsten carbide nano-structured materials. Our systematic study of the kind of the template, and pore size, the amount of precursor and a temperature of the carburizing reaction, the effect on the synthesis of a series of composite material having a different structure, the carbon content and pore properties. In the sixth chapter of the thesis, by fine-tuning, we synthesized a novel structure, excellent performance of magnetic iron oxide / carbon composites. We chose the soft template synthesis has dual mesoporous (2.3,5.9 nm) distribution of carbon material as a template, after appropriate oxidation after the introduction of oxygen-containing groups on the surface, can be filled through a step to the introduction of the high content of carbon materials pore super The paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (to 40 wt%), the nano-particles is highly and uniformly dispersed in the entire mesoporous. Composite materials remains high specific surface area (to 1000 m2 / g and); the same time, since the nanoparticles main load in the mesopores in the carbon material of the main wall of the smaller mesoporous remain open so that the whole channel system, is conducive guest molecules rapid transmission. The above properties of the composite material has excellent adsorption and separation performance of the arsenic. Adsorption capacity is very high (up to 30 mg / g); absorption speed is very fast, is a quasi-second-order kinetic adsorption process. Adsorption, temperature, pH, iron oxide content has been studied in detail, the best adsorption temperature and pH were 35 ° C and 7. Moreover, the synthesis methods have universality, can be synthesized by a series of load highly dispersed nanoparticles of carbon-based composite material. In the seventh chapter of the thesis, we further use of the advantage of the surface of carbon materials containing functional groups function brings groundbreaking soft template synthesis of mesoporous carbon material as a template, the synthesis of a series of pore structure, pore size and pore rate adjustable ordered mesoporous alumina materials. We selected with dual mesoporous (2.3,5.9 nm) distribution of the carbon material as a template, introducing the oxygen-containing groups on the surface through the appropriate oxidation, by adjusting the filling amount of the aluminum nitrate, can easily control the loading of the alumina in the carbon template The amount of starting from scratch to only fill in the small mesoporous carbon template, to small mesoporous fills the main mesoporous reached the different degree of fill. Thus, within a large range to control the pore size of the final alumina material (3.6-10 nm), the specific surface area (of of 158 ~~ 450 m2 / g) and pore volume (0.17 to 1.2 cm3 / g) The method for the first time reported single mesoporous carbon material as a template synthesized ordered mesoporous materials with normal and reversed phase two pore structure. Additionally, the method can be extended to the synthesis of mesoporous materials of the other metal oxides (such as magnesium).
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