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[Objective] Food Additives alum (potassium aluminum sulfate) and is closely related to people's daily lives, are widely used in fried foods, fermented foods, snack foods, and pickled seafood, pasta and so on. Currently in the process of making food processing excessive use of alum are quite serious, resulting in element content of aluminum in food than the national standard. Studies have shown that aluminum is harmful metals, excess aluminum can accumulate in the body, resulting in chronic toxic effects, in which the most serious damage to the nervous system and can cause a variety of neurological diseases, but the damage to the body alum rarely reported. This topic in two parts, one, Jinan City, the city collected from various types of food, the measurement sample alum content (expressed as aluminum); Second, by giving Wisatr rats were fed a diet of alum, alum study on rats brain malondialdehyde (Malondialdehe, MDA), superoxide dismutase (SuperoxideDismutase, sOD), Gu skin Gan skin peroxidase (Glutathionepeorxidase, GSH-px), P enzyme (Adenosine phosphtae, ATP), monoamine oxidase (Monomaineoxidase, MAo), acetylcholine Cool enzyme (Aeetylcholinesterase, AChE), acetylcholine (Aeetyleholine, Aeh), monoamine neurotransmitters [norepinephrine (Norepin ie hrine, NE), epinephrine (EpinERhrine, E ), dopamine (DPoamien, DA)] and essential elements such as the impact to explore alum rat nervous system damage mechanisms. [Methods] 1. Commercially available food additives in food surveys alum content supermarket in Jinan city, street stalls, chain grocery stores, farmers markets and other places of gathering cakes, breads, buns, fritters, vermicelli, crispy rice and other foods, After digestion, the use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry samples alum content (expressed as aluminum). 2 alum nervous system damage in rats choose healthy and clean 32 male Wistar rats, weighing 160-180 g, were randomly divided into four groups, each 8: control group, low dose group, middle dose group the high dose group. Control group was given basal diet; low, medium and high dose groups with different doses of dietary food additive alum. Fed 30 days, rats were sacrificed quickly dissected rat brains were removed, -20 ℃ cold standby. 2.1 Alum on body weight and general growth and development of the daily rat general and weighed, rats were recorded daily weight, draw weight change trend. Rats were sacrificed, dissected brain tissue, weighed to calculate the coefficient of the brain. 2.2 Alum on rat brain antioxidant enzyme systems of rat brain tissue was weighed and homogenized, malondialdehyde activity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity valley, research alum for large Rat brain tissue antioxidant enzyme system. 2.3 Alum on rat brain ATP enzyme activities Weigh rat brain tissue was homogenized, inorganic phosphorus determination of Na K _ATP enzyme, Ca2 _ATP enzyme, Mg2-ATP activity, investigate alum on rat brain mitochondria damage. 2.4 Alum on rat brain monoamine oxidase, acetylcholinesterase activity and acetylcholine content of rat brain tissue was weighed and homogenized, determination monoamine oxidase, acetylcholinesterase activity and acetylcholine levels to explore alum choline on brain tissue damage to the nervous system. 2.5 Alum on rat brain essential elements of brain tissue accurately weighed about 0.1g, in a microwave digestion instrument in digestion by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry brain zinc, copper, iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, etc. element content, of alum on the brain tissue of the essential elements. 2.6 Alum on rat brain catecholamine neurotransmitter of 2.6.1 Alum on rat brain catecholamine neurotransmitters methodological studies using high performance liquid chromatography - fluorescence detection assay samples NE, E, DA content. Column VP-ODS C18 (250mmх2.0mm, 4.6μm). Mobile phase: methanol: water (2:98) containing sodium acetate 0.1mol / L (0.1mol/LHcL adjusted pH :2.5-3), before use of nuclear air 0.25μm membrane filter. Flow rate: 0.8ml/min, fluorescence excitation wavelength: λEx = 280nm, detection wavelength λEM = 314nm. 2.6.2 Alum on rat brain catecholamine neurotransmitter content after the experiment, take the whole brain tissue using high performance liquid chromatography - fluorescence detection method for the determination rat brain monoamine neurotransmitters [go norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA)] levels. 2.7 alum on brain tissue damage in rat brain tissue fixation morphology, production of wax slices, hematoxylin - eosin (HE) staining for pathological examination, observation alum rats pathological changes in the nervous system. [Results] 1. Commercially available alum content of food additives in foods survey sample measurement results show that the highest aluminum content in fried foods, followed by vermicelli, puffed food, bakery products. 275 samples were collected, of which 208 were overweight, with a total exceeding the rate of 75.64%; bakery products, puffed food, fried foods, other foods excessive aluminum rates were 43.40%, 58.33%, 99.17%, 97.30%. 2 alum rat nervous system injury in rats weighing 2.1 alum and general growth and development of rat body weight during the experimental period of slow growth, to the end of the experiment, the experimental group compared with the control group rats body weight difference was statistically significant (P lt; 0.01), rat brain coefficient tended to increase compared with the control group, the high-dose group coefficient is significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P lt; 0.01). 2.2 Alum on rat brain antioxidant enzyme system with the increase in the amount of alum feeding, low, medium and high dose group rat brain tissue MDA content increased, compared with the control group, a statistically significant difference (P lt; 0.01). Low, medium and high dose groups in rat brain tissue SOD activity decreased, low, medium-dose group and the control group, the difference was not statistically significant, the high dose group SOD activity was significantly lower than the control group (P lt; 0.05). With feeding alum increase in the amount, GSH-Px activity decreased gradually, medium and high dose group and the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P lt; 0.05). 2.3 Alum on rat brain ATP enzyme activities of low, medium and high dose groups Na K _ATP activity decreased, were lower than the negative control group (P lt; 0.05); low, medium and high dose groups Ca2 _ATP activity compared with the negative control group was not statistically significant (P gt; 0.05); low, medium dose group Mg2 _ATP activity compared with the negative control group was not statistically significant (P gt; 0.05), high dose group activity is low in the negative control group (P lt; 0.05). 2.4 Alum on rat brain monoamine oxidase, acetylcholinesterase activity and acetylcholine content of experimental results showed that with increasing doses of alum fed, low, medium and high dose groups MAO activity increased, the high dose group was significantly higher in the control group (P lt; 0.05), low dose group compared with the control group, the difference was not statistically significant; each experimental group rat brain AChE activity is rising, middle and high dose group was significantly higher (P lt; 0.01); experimental rats brain ACh content decreased in the high dose group compared with the control group, a statistically significant difference (P lt; 0.01). 2.5 Alum on rat brain essential elements of low, medium and high dose groups aluminum content in rat brain tissue was significantly higher than the negative control group (P lt; 0.01); rat brain tissue copper, manganese, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium metal element content decreased, compared with the control group, high dose group rat brain copper content decreased with statistical significance (P lt; 0.05), rat brain tissue in each experimental group was significantly lower zinc content (P lt; 0.05), low, medium and high dose groups manganese, iron, calcium reduction was not statistically significant (P gt; 0.05), high-dose rats brain tissue magnesium content is lower than the negative control group (P lt; 0.05). 2.6 Alum on rat brain catecholamine neurotransmitter of 2.6.1 Alum on rat brain catecholamine neurotransmitters in rat brain tissue methodological studies of three catecholamine neurotransmitters in 15min complete and well separated within the separation, retention time was NE (4.72min), E (6.30min), DA (11.60min); three kinds of catecholamine neurotransmitters in the 0.01-1.0mg / L range, a good linear relationship ( r gt; 0.999). NE: Y = 1878010X-19991.08121 (r = 0.9997), the minimum detectable concentration was 2.44 × 10-5μg / L recoveries were 101.1%, 94.2% and 102.5%, NE: day precision RSD was 3.97%, 3.43 % and 3.54%, day RSD was 5.2%, 5.0% and 4.8%; E: Y = 3452550X-27173.43503 (r = 0.9998), the minimum detectable concentration was 9.75 × 10-6μg / L, recoveries was 102.3%, 99.5% and 102.7%, E: day precision RSD was 4.09%, 4.01% and 4.20%, day RSD was 6.1%, 5.9% and 6.2%; DA: Y = 1763690X-18643.75522 (r = 0.9998), the minimum detectable concentration was 2.55 × 10-5μg / L, the recoveries were 99.9%, 110.4% and 92.4%, DA: day precision RSD was 4.58%, 4.37% and 4.33%, day precision degree RSD was 6.0%, 5.5% and 6.2%. 2.6.2 Alum on rat brain catecholamine neurotransmitters affect low, medium and high dose group rat brain NE, E was significantly lower than the control group (P lt; 0.05); in the high dose group large DA rat brain tissue was significantly lower than the control group (P lt; 0.05). 2.7 alum on brain tissue damage morphology negative control group was normal rat brain cells, the nucleus clear, no interstitial edema, low, medium and high dose groups gradually blurred rat brain nuclei, cytoplasm gradually loose, interstitial edema became clear cytoplasm and nucleus blurred and high dose groups sometimes visible shrunk irregularly shaped solid nucleus, nucleolus disappears. [Conclusion] 1. Excessive levels of aluminum in food in serious condition, the highest aluminum content in fried foods. 2 alum affect weight gain in rats and general growth and development. 3 alum reduce rat brain antioxidant enzymes activity, enhance the body's lipid peroxidation, causing damage to the body. 4 alum reduce rat brain ATP enzyme activity, while reducing monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase activity, increased acetylcholine levels. 5 alum affect rat brain tissue copper, iron, zinc, manganese, calcium, magnesium and other essential element level. 6 alum reduce rat brain catecholamine neurotransmitters, damage to the nervous system. 7 alum can cause brain tissue pathological damage. In summary, to some extent, alum brain tissue can cause damage to the nervous system.
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