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Evolution is produced in the western natural science theory, it is a basic theory about the origin of species and the development of biological, explains the mechanism of biological evolution and natural biological development of universal law. After the opium war, the Chinese people need advanced scientific theoretical to guide revolution, evolution just satisfied the need of rescuing, and becoming Chinese people’s anti-imperialist and anti-feudal ideological weapon. Evolution was introduced into China after the late 19th century, it not only has had a tremendous influence on biological field but also religious, political, and cultural fields, and has been spread widely and quickly in China. During the period from the opium war to the new culture movement, when progress people in China actively promoted and learnt the ideas of evolution, and at the same time they also reformed and developed the evolution, forming their own evolutionary theory, it has great simulative effect on the effectively spread of the theory of evolution.Evolution has changed people’s traditional ideas, and changed the person’s outlook on life and world view, it occupies a very important position in China’s modem history. But with the evolution’s propaganda and understanding in generalization, evolution also gradually appear the certain limitations, and has produced certain negative impact. As a kind of social ideology, Darwin’s theory of evolution was eventually replaced by Marxism, but Darwin’s theory of evolution laid the ideological basis for the spread of Marxism in China.In this paper with the spread of Darwinian theory in China as an example, inspects the relationship between science-technology communication and social culture, aims to discuss and explain four problems: Firstly, the advanced scientific theory is universal, no boundaries, no class tendency, can greatly promote the development of human society; Secondly, scientific theory’s widely spread need unique background and conditions; Thirdly, sometimes the influence of natural science theory not only limited on the field of nature science, its ideology and cultural significance sometimes even more than its own meaning; Fourthly, for the absorption of foreign science and technology, we should have to choice, survey and criticize.、
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