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He Ruzhang’s Understanding of Japan

Author: ZhangXinYu
Tutor: ChenXiuWu
School: Northeast Normal University
Course: World History
Keywords: He Ruzhang diplomacy an ambassador to Japan an understanding of Japan
CLC: K256
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 86
Quote: 0
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Abstract


In the mid and late19th centaury, Industrial Revolution has been successfully carried out in capitalist countries in Europe and America. Those countries became increasingly powerful and embarked on the road for aggression and expansion. By contrast, many Asian countries were still wandering on the feudal road and made themselves the victims of those countries. Facing the invasion of western powers, two Asian countries, China and Japan had adopted different policies. After the Meiji Restoration, inspired by the power of western powers, Japan gradually departed from Asia for Europe in thought and action. Japan had been making a variety of efforts to join the camp of Western capitalism. Then Japan embarked on a road of overseas expansion. Meanwhile, Qing Empire, with a closed-door policy, was gradually reduced to a semi-feudal society. It passively accepted the new Western political and economic ideas and was attacked by those powers. Moreover, Qing was forced to be brought into the so-called“treaty system”. At the beginning of modern times, the Chinese people started to be concerned about the world. In this turn of old and new systems, He Ruzhang served as the first ambassador to Japan, where the country was changing from weak to strong by the Meiji Restoration. Taking the critical background into consideration, we assume that He Ruzhang’s understanding of Japan is worth being studied.As soon as He Ruzhang entered Japan, he was deeply touched by Japan’s rapid development. He began to observe this country carefully, and carried out painstaking research into Japan as a diplomat. He Ruzhang observed the emerging development in Japan with a feudal eye, which broke his own class ideology and the traditional understanding of Japan, and his understanding was original. In addition, domestic and foreign studies on He Ruzhang’s understanding of Japan are absent, leaving a vast research space for this study.This study aims to illustrate He Ruzhang’s understanding of Japan based on his activities and writings when he served as a minister of Japan. It will cover He Ruzhang’s idea of Asianism, He Ruzhang’s writings, He Ruzhang’s performances in the event of Ryukyu, and He Ruzhang’s dealing with the issues of consular jurisdiction and trade affairs.A study into He Ruzhang’s understanding of Japan will help clarify the continuity and difference between the traditional Chinese understanding of Japan and the modern understanding of Japan, which helps people understand the conversion of the two understandings. Therefore, it is obvious that this research is theoretically and practically significant.

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CLC: > History, geography > History of China > Semi-colonial and semi -feudal society ( 1840 to 1949 ) > Old Democratic Revolution period ( 1840 ~ 1919 ) > Second Opium War period (1860 ~ 1900 )
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