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Melatonin alias melatonin hormone, is characteristic pine cone glandular secretion of the neural hormone, its chemical names N-Acetyl- 5-Methoxyl Tryptamine, an important member of the series tryptamine derivatives. Its pharmacological and the biological activity more and more clinical trials showed, has been in immunity improving, improve sleep, anti-oxidation and delay aging irreplaceable role, is a natural drug product components. In Euramerican developed countries such as the gold is known as life, and from the active element extracted plant and animal steps repeatedly trival and yield little restriction, market needs are not being met, so the chemical synthesis of melatonin become an inevitable trend to satisfy people quality life to its needs.This paper comprehensive analysis of the current melatonin chemical synthesis method, compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each route, designed the melatonin green synthesis method, this experiment mainly points the three-step synthesis melatonin. first,γ-butyl lactone and thionyl chloride follows in catalyst under the action of zinc chloride Lewis acid to based on open loop 4-Chlorobutyryl chloride, then through hydrogenation made on reduction of 4-Chlorobutyraldehyde; The second step, p-Anisidine raw material on by diazotization, reduction, hydrolyzed get 4-methoxyphenyl hydrazine hydrochloride; Third step, caught the first and second steps of 4-Chlorobutyraldehyde with 4-methoxyphenyl hydrazine hydrochloride condensation, acylation reaction process of melatonin. To test the reaction temperature, time, solvents and catalyst etc, a quantitative analysis of the influence factors, and the conclusion that deal with the optimum experimental scheme. Meanwhile, new craft synthetic route respectively on the results of future organic synthesis, technology and development direction is discussed and a reasonable prospect.By 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), GC-MS combination instrument illustrates this experiment common target product structure and yield. Melatonin total yield 35.5%, compared with the original process yield of synthetic route has fifteen percent increase. In synthetic route, the new craft product reprocessing and cost control also had greatly improved and the reaction process in preparation of environmental friendly reagent and conditions, mild reaction conditions and for industrial production have positive economic and social value.
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