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Analysis of Material Characters of Seven Kinds of the Camellia and Effects of Extraction Methods on the Quality of the Camellia Seed Oil

Author: ChenZhongHai
Tutor: ShenJianFu
School: Zhejiang University
Course: Food Engineering
Keywords: material characters cold pressing Camellia oil oxidative stability oil rate of fresh fruit
CLC: TS225.16
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2012
Downloads: 244
Quote: 1
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Abstract


China is the largest camellia oil production country. Camellia oleifera distributes mainly in hilly regions of Hunan, Jiangxi and southwestern China and distributes occasionally in southeast Asia and Japan. It is China’s special oil plant. the seed of it can squeeze out oil, which is kind of good quality as the edible vegetable oil. This article selected seven kinds of the Camellia and the oil-tea camellia oil for the research object, researched and analyzed on the factor of three process methods and the physicochemical property and nutritional materials of the oil which squeezed out oil through three process methods and quality of cold pressing oil of seven kinds of the Camellia and analyzed of cold pressing oil of oxidative stability.The main finding as follows state:(1) the main economic characters and the relation of the main material characters of seven kind of camellia. The oil rate of fresh fruit of seven kinds of the main Camellia ranged from 2.57%～8.06%. The oil rate of fresh fruit of C. monocarp was the highest, and C.cheklangoleosa Hu was high. There were great differences between the variety. The correlation rank among oil content of fresh fruit and the main fruit properties was oil content of dry seed>oil content of fresh seed>the kernel yield of dry seed>oil rate of dry seed> water content of dry seed>oil rate of the kernel yield>water content of fresh seed>1000-grain weigh>the diameter of fruit> seed number per fruit> thickness of peel> single fruit weight..(2) The optimization of process methodsWe got the optimum process parameters of extraction of camellia seed oil by supercritical CO2 extraction, cold pressing and solvent extraction. The results showed as follows:the yield of supercritical CO2 extraction was up to 92.09% at CO2 of flow for 20L/h,30-33 MPa and 45℃for 3 h and the yield of solvent extraction was up to 90.00% at Liquid to material ratio for 5:1, 60℃for 120min and the yield of cold pressing was up to 78.62% at Warm-up Time for 10min, diameter of nozzle for 5 mm.(3) the effects of extraction methods on the quality of oil-tea camellia seed oilFor three process methods, extraction rate of oil of supercritical CO2 extraction was highest, extraction rate of oil old pressing was 78.62% which was significant less than that of the oil extracted by the other methods. The supercritical CO2 extraction oil had the highest acid value and peroxide value which were significant higher than that of the oil extracted by the other methods. At the same time, the oxidative stability of oil of supercritical CO2 extraction oil was the worst. The contents of vitamin E:supercritical CO2 extracted oil> Solvent Extraction cold pressing. So cold pressing is suit to extraction of Camellia oil because its process was simple, low cost, and the quality of oil was good, at the same tine, the oxidative stability of oil were also good.(4) Analysis of cold pressing oil of seven kinds of the CamelliaThe fatty acid components of the seven Camellia oil with cold pressing were similar, mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acid, the unsaturated fatty acid of C. meiocarpa was highest. The acid value and peroxide value of the oil of cold pressing were low, and the color of oil was light, and the quality of Camellia oil was good. Cold expressed was suitable for Camellia oil extraction.(5) analysis of oxidation stability of camellia oil and forecast of storage periodthe oxidation stability of the camellia oil through different process was different, the oxidation stability declined as the temperature raised:from 100℃to 130℃, when the temperature rises 10℃, the Induction period becalmed half of the original. The storage period can be deduced from the equation for Camellia cheklangoleosa Hu at 20℃. The storage period of solvent extraction was 372 d, the storage period of cold pressing was 548d, the storage period of supercritical CO2 extraction was 111d. using Rancimat method to predict the shelf life of Camellia oil was suit to the oxidative stability, but there is an error. the order of the storage period of seven kinds of cold pressing at 20℃as follows: Camellia cheklangoleosa Hu>Camellia oleifera Abel >Camellia semiserrata Chi>Camellia gigantocarapa Hu)>Camellia meiocarpa>Camellia yuhsienensis Hu>, and the oxidation stability and storage period of Camellia cheklangoleosa Hu was best (548 d), the Camellia vietnamensis Huang ex Hu was only 146 d.

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CLC: > Industrial Technology > Light industry,handicrafts > Food Industry > Edible oils and fats processing industry > A variety of edible oil > Vegetable oil > Tea seed oil
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