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Marx’s Theory’s Surpass to Modern Humanism

Author: LiChong
Tutor: WangWeiQuan
School: Jilin University
Course: The basic principles of Marxism
Keywords: Humanism Marx Practice
CLC: B03
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 95
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Abstract

The main problem this paper intends to discuss is that Marx’s Theory’s surpass to the traditional humanism. The breakthrough point of this paper is the relationship of humane value and existence, and the basic point of view is to expound Marx seek theoretical and practical path of the realization of humane value through the transform of the mode of thinking. This paper holds the view that in the process of the criticism and surpass of the traditional humanism from Marx, he holds that“research is for the necessity of the human being,”the deep humanistic care was involved in the whole process. At the same time, the quest of the old and constantly new philosophy problem“What is human being?”was transformed into a real problem“How does an ideal person realized?”In the exposition of the traditional humanism, we find that in the ontology mode of thinking, the questions of“What is human being?”and“What should human being be?”were combined into one, and the philosophers intend to provide the basis of existence for humane value, in addition, they have to provide the real subject and path for the realization of humanism through this kind of way. However, on the binary antithesis of value and existence, the result of the above, theoretically, is either materialism of human being which means dissolve the value superior to material, or take human being as complete subjectivity which means only take value as freedom within spiritual area; practically, the accomplished subject of the humane value was prescribed as the creator of spirit, the path as rational emancipation or spiritual awareness, thus lack of intention of practice. Likewise, the humane value in modern times is also the ideal pursue of Marx. However, in the view of Marx, it will have no practical power to give a common logic maximized illustration of such questions as“What is human being?”and“What should human being be?”. Previously, the theoretical development of humanism philosophy have already proved this situation, the problem lies in changing the world. The crucial problem the humanism theory should solve should be how to solve the conflict between the humane value and the present social facts, and how to create the humane value into existence.The first part is the brief summary of the traditional humanism. Humanism was defined respectively from the angle of axiology and philosophy theory, and explodes that although different philosophy set up different relationship of value and existence, step into different theoretical path, and explore different methodology of humane value and have different social results through its historical development stage. However, as times in one’s thinking, it still has its common feature, and this feature is internal.The second part mainly explodes the traditional humanism mode of thinking. The binary antithesis thinking of mode was explained in detail from the following three aspects: the nature of human being, the relationship between human being and nature and the relationship between human being and society, etc. Thus, the deep antithesis between the revolutionary character of traditional humanism words and sentences and the real conservatism was exploded.The third part mainly explains the revolutionary transform of Marx’s humanism theory. Theoretically, Marx upset the logic of the traditional ontology, and understand the human being itself, human being and nature, human being and society as a derivative relationship of practice and history, and thus understand the relationship of value and existence as a negative identity relation based on the practice of the subject. From this point, seeing through the conflict of the humane value and the social reality at that time, Marx believe that the only choice that the present humanism could choose is the complete emancipation of the working people who live at the submerged tenth, which we called the emancipation of the proletariat. It is not only possible, but also necessary to carry out the practical possibility of the exploration of the complete emancipation of the proletariat. Practically, Marx restored the deep conflict of humane value and real capitalist society through the criticism of the ideology; discovered how to realize the main power of the humane value through the analysis of the capitalist mode and the class relationships; found the real way of bringing about the communism: from violent revolution to dictatorship of the proletariat and to communism in the end through the analysis of the contradiction of communist ideal and the reality. All in all, socialism transforms into science from fantasy therefrom.

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