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The Preparation of Highly Efficient Oil-Degrading Bacteria Agent and Its Application in Oil-Spilled Shoreline Bioremediation

Author: YangShiMei
Tutor: LiangShengKang；SuRongGuo
School: Ocean University of China
Course: Marine Chemistry
Keywords: Oil spill Bioremediation Biofortification Petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria Community structure
CLC: X55
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 528
Quote: 5
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Abstract


Bioremediation has developed into a highly efficient, low cost, environmentally friendly pollution control technology. In bioremediation process, commonly used in biological enhancement that is contaminated sites are domesticated and efficient microbial inoculation to increase the rate of biodegradation of pollutants. But coastline oil spill bioremediation of contaminated sites is a characteristic related to microbial ecological structure and a variety of environmental conditions complex engineering, petroleum hydrocarbon degradation constructed flora composition and adaptability to the environment will affect the process of bioremediation . Papers from petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria filter efficiency and build a synergistic mix of flora metabolism, making use of traditional means and biotechnology tools of modern molecular biology to determine the constructed degrading bacteria in different shoreline oil spill bioremediation role , focusing on the number of microorganisms in the repair process to clarify and population structure changes, determine the impact of oil spill bioremediation of the main factors. In order to have a synergistic mix of flora metabolism Construction and application of bio-enhanced techniques to improve the efficiency of oil spill bioremediation provide a basis. Main contents are: 1, in the breeding with different functions hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, based on the initial construction of the metabolic effects on crude oil has a synergistic mix of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. (A) to Tianjin Port Pier sediment source for the bacteria, respectively, Boxi platform (BXPT) of crude oil, n-hexadecane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carbon source, using a continuous enrichment of screening were obtained with different functions mixed flora: Crude oil degrading bacteria BXHH-1, alkane degrading bacteria ALK-1 and aromatics degrading bacteria PAH-1. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that: a mixture of crude oil as a carbon source to get the most abundant bacterial communities, and basically includes n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to carbon enrichment obtained for the mixed bacteria. This indicates that crude oil as carbon source in the resulting mixed bacteria community composition and structure are superior to n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carbon source obtained mixed bacteria. (2) by the plate separation, from a crude oil, paraffins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a carbon source concentration of the separated liquid in the two strains were named TJ-1, TJ-2, TJL-1, TJL-2 , DHD-1 and DHX-1, identified by homology 16SrDNA which six strains were Bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilu), Venice Acinetobacter (Acinetobacter venetianus), Oceanobacillus Picturae, Bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus), Mendoza aeruginosa (Pseudomonas mendocina) and petri Ralston bacteria (Ralstonia pickettii). Which, TJ-1, TJ-2, TJL-1 and TJL-2 for the alkane degrading bacteria, DHD-1 and DHX-1 is aromatic degrading bacteria. (3) to the crude oil as carbon source enriched mixed bacteria BXHH-1, based on aromatic compound degrading bacteria DHD-1 and DHX-1, to obtain new hybrid construct petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria BXHH-2. Mixed with the original BXHH-1 strains compared to new hybrid strains constructed BXHH-2 not only has excellent ability to degrade hydrocarbons, and greatly improves the degradation of aromatics, thereby effectively improve the overall degradation rate BXPT oil. This indicates that the mixed bacteria on crude oil degradation of various components have a synergistic effect, and thus in oil spill bioremediation site has a good application prospect. 2 constructed initially identified petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacterium efficient oil spill polluted coastline in a different field repair test the role and conditions of use. (A) by comparing the different types of shoreline (sand - pebble coastline, fine - medium sand coastline and silt - silt coastline) can be seen: the same matrix in different treatments, while adding slow release fertilizer and petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacterium system ( A-3, B-3, C-3) of crude oil degradation rate is highest, respectively, 49.8%, 66.9% and 65.3%, compared with the respective untreated control system were increased by 28.4%, 28.0% and 29.8%; followed by adding slow-release fertilizer system, A-2, B-2 and C-2 test cell, its oil degradation rates were 43.2%, 56.8% and 64.3%, compared with the respective untreated control system increased by 21.8%, 17.9%, and 28.8%. While adding slow-release fertilizer and petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacterium system has the high crude oil degradation rates, not only because of the added slow-release fertilizer for indigenous petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria growth to provide a more adequate nutrients, but also because vaccination Efficient petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can adapt quickly to the scene environment, a lot of growth and reproduction, bioremediation system change microbial community structure, and thus effectively improve the various components of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate. (2) For the silt - silt matrix oil spill coastline, while adding slow release fertilizer and petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacterium system add only slow-release fertilizer system with oil degradation rate of close, respectively, 65.3% and 64.3%, than those without treated control system increased by 29.8% and 28.8%. The matrix of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient deficiency is a major factor limiting its degradation, petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate increase is due to provide a slow release fertilizer added to the indigenous microbial nutrients needed for growth. Petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria inoculated with indigenous bacteria compared to less competitive and difficult growth and reproduction, there is no change in bioremediation systems microbial community structure. Different components of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation mainly by indigenous microbes complete. (3) different types of shoreline oil spill bioremediation field trials, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH are all in the range of suitable for microbial growth, not to limit the effect of factors bioremediation.

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CLC: > Environmental science, safety science > Environmental pollution and its prevention > Marine pollution and its prevention
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