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Metaphor, the figure of speech, has a very long history and is one of the most often used figures of speech. The research of metaphor, from pre-Qin Dynasty to the present, has never stopped and possesses extremely high academic value.This paper has compared and tidied up the research achievements of metaphor over recent years, and generalized and summed up the advantages and disadvantages about them. Observed from the current conditions of research, , researchers take the comprehensive way of multi-points and multi-disciplines for metaphor, which is constantly enlarging and deepening the field of research. The way of looking back and generalization has a certain meaning to complete and deep understanding of metaphor, on which then to continue the research, and make better use of this figure of speech. On one hand, this meaning shows that we can get more enlightenment from it to reach the goal of wider vision and deeper understanding, by this way, it will not only reduce and correct the wrong views of point but also make the research more meticulous; on the other hand, it shows the communication among disciplines. Because the research of metaphor involves social culture, human art and geology and psychology, it must tend towards the direction of multi-points and disciplines.With the gradual development of scientific ways of research, the research of metaphor shows the signs of much detailed material, multi-points and integration of disciplines. The whole paper takes the narration as the main part with brief comments, including the following:1.The definition and formational basis of metaphor. The ancient definitions of metaphor and the different ones of it by the modern people are introduced. In addition, according to these similarities and differences, the academic analysis and discussion of the elements of metaphor will be summarized.2.The elements of metaphor. About the elements of metaphor, there are mainly four academic points of view, including“three elements”,“four elements”,“five elements”and“six elements”. And their own supporters have their different viewpoints.3.The problem of the category of metaphor. Due to different standards, the subcategories have come to over thirty kinds, which should be cut.4.Metaphor and vocabulary, grammar and the use of language. This mostly includes metaphor’s function in the development of language words, the concerning research of Chinese metaphor’s word, metaphor and the syntactical functions and morphological feature of word and syntactical research, the use of metaphor in language variations and so on.5.The comparison between metaphor and other figures of speech. This part is to generalize the research of the distinction between metaphor and other figures of speech, such as, analogue, exaggeration, Synaesthesia, and of the distinction between metaphor and metonymy.6.Metaphor and national cultures. This part will briefly sum up people’s research condition about the relation between metaphor and national cultures.
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