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Coal fire abandoned to bring a lot of harm to human beings: a waste of coal resources, has brought huge economic losses; destruction of large areas of land, exacerbate the contradiction between people and land; deterioration of the human living environment, affecting the normal life of the residents; temperature is too high, move The plant's survival is threatened, the formation of large surface area of ??scorched earth and burnt rock, cracks and collapse pit; seam spontaneous combustion in the release of carbon dioxide, methane and other gases can also cause the greenhouse effect. For the study area, located in China's northwest 内蒙古乌达 mine applied ecology, restoration ecology, soil science, botany knowledge, ecological recovery of the coal fire wasteland view the literature and field visits were studied . Examine the study area by looking at the literature and in the field to do the survey, the survey include geographical location, climatic characteristics, traffic conditions, coal production. Make judgments based on fieldwork and collecting specimens of vegetation distribution characteristics of the wasteland existing types of plants been recorded, analyzed the biological characteristics of the organisms survive, ecological adaptation, and economic use value. Fieldwork using GPS positioning, the temperature of the fire area Testo 925 thermometer measurement, analysis and measurements made. On this basis, the area's ecological restoration techniques. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) coal fire formation of the root causes of waste land of coal spontaneous combustion of coal spontaneous combustion, mainly due to the characteristics of the coal seam itself, but is also influenced by external factors. The impact of coal spontaneous combustion in the internal seam thickness, degree of metamorphism, ash content, calorific value and sulfur content. The external main reason disorderly exploitation of small coal mines. (2) Wuda mine sparse vegetation, plant species composition is simple, the community hierarchy tree layer, shrub layer height, overall distribution for the distribution of clusters. (3) The restriction elements of Wuda coal fire Ecological Restoration is a shortage of funds, extinguishing backward technology, soil factor, temperature factor and the human factor. Soil factor showed a lack of soil layer or soil temperature, soil moisture content, poor nutritional status. Improper temperature factor is caused by the burning of coal seam, which is a limiting factor for the ecological restoration in the area. (4) uda coal fire Spoils of ecological restoration techniques, including engineering and biotechnology. First extinguishing extinguishing burning coal seams, to remediation and casing surface cracks, collapse, and on this basis, to restore vegetation, introduction of soil fauna and microorganisms to improve the ecosystem of the area. Through field visits and analysis of selected species of vegetation restoration should be a priority. (5) coal fire ecological restoration of abandoned land will bring significant social, economic and ecological benefits. Coal fire wasteland ecological restoration will completely eliminate sources of pollution, the the mining people living environment will be cleaner; recovery of abandoned land will increase the rate of land reclamation, increasing the area of ??land can be used to ease the contradiction fewer people and more for China contribute to the work of land reclamation; governance of the fire district will save a lot of coal resources, forage, medicinal plants and cash crops can be grown on the land restored to bring considerable economic income for local residents; coal fire abandoned ecological restoration will avoid the burning of coal release large amounts of greenhouse gases and other toxic and harmful gases, the extinguishing of the fire zone will prevent surface rock and soil continue to be destroyed.
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