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Gesneriaceae as a medium-large family, including 150 genuses about 3700 species, is mainly distributed in southern and eastern Asia, Africa, southern Europe, Oceania, South America to Mexico’s tropical and temperate regions. Only two species are distributed in Southern of North America and northern of South America.Gesneriaceae are widely distributed in southern Tibet, Yunnan, South China Hebei and southwest Liaoning Province in China. The majority of genuses and species were found in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Guangdong provinces’ tropical and subtropical hilly areas. Most of them are born in Limestone of mountain cliffs, there are a small number of genuses (Tremacron, Isometrum, Corallodiscus) located in southwest area of mountains, and only two species are distributed across the Qinling Mountains to northern China.In order to search significant biological activity of the composition and leading compounds and elucidate the rules of Chemotaxonomy of Gesneriaceae plants, chemical compositions and activity of Aeschynanthus longicaulis, Lysionotus pauciflorus, Corallodiscus kingianus, Puraboeo rutescens and Corallodiscus kingianu were studied.17 compounds were isolated and identified by MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT135, HMQC and HMBC spectrum, the compounds are as follow: AL-6, AL-10, AL-11, AL-12, AL-15, AL-16, AL-19, PR-1, PR-2, PR-3, PR-5, PR-6, LP-1, LP-2, LP-3, CK-1, CK-2.The search of biological activities indicate that the extraction of total acetone/water, the part of ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol of A. longicaulis and L. pauciflorus have the activity ofα-glucosidase inhibitory, and the part of ethyl acetate is the highest.Vanillic acid (IC50=13.63μg·mL-1), 5,7-dihydroxy-6, 8, 4’-trimethoxyflavone (IC50=17.01μg·mL-1) have prominent activity of antioxidant, much higher than BHT (IC50=40.80μg·mL-1), 5, 4, 6’-trihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone’s (IC50=51.7μg·mL-1) ability of antioxidant is a little lower than BHT. The activity of antibacterial of A. longicaulis is better than L. pauciflorus, and mainly exists in the part of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The activity of antibacterial of monomeric compounds of A. longicaulis is much higher than P. rutescens.We have studied Triterpenoids in eight plants of Gesneriaceae, The rules of 30 triterpenoids’ configuration from eight species of Gesneriaceae were discussed.
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