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Biological Characters of Aphelenchoides Paranechaleos and Relationship between the Nem atode and Wheat Sharp Eye Spot

Author: ZhaoWeiHua
Tutor: ChenHouDe
School: Yangzhou University
Course: Plant Pathology
Keywords: Rhizoctonia cerealis Aphelenchoides paranechaleos relationship biological characters influence factors
CLC: S435.12
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2005
Downloads: 66
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Abstract


A kind of fungivorous nematode was isolated form the basal stem of wheat and was identified as Aphelenchoides paranechaleos.The nematode was inoculated on the colony of Rhizoctonia cerealis and cultured 15 days at 25 ℃. The colonial surface turned wet and many eggs, larvae and adult were seen on or among the hyphae. Under high power microscope, it was observed that the spear of the nematode stabbed into the hyphal cell and the stabbed hyphae were distortional or the protoplasm in the hyphae vanished. A great quantity of bacteria could be found in or on the hyphae. The bacterium N1 was preliminariy identified as Flavobacterium sp. and N2 was not known. Both of them could restrain the growth of Rhizoctonia cerealis, the inhibition of 36.18% and 63.82% respectively. So the effects of the nematode on wheat sharp eye spot maybe synthetic results of the stab by nematode and the inhibition by the antagonistic bacteria. Both the potted and the field tests indicated that the nematode could obviously reduce incidence of wheat sharp eye spot. There was positice relationship between the nematode quantity and the disease index （Y=74.68-4.47X,r=-0.9074）. After treating soil with carbofuran, the disease rate and the disease index were higher than the control. In the aseptic soil, there was no obvious difference in the disease rate and the disease index. Between the treated soil and the contral, which indicated that carbofuran had few effects on the fungal pathogenicity.The inoculation of the nematode could increase the dry materials in wheat root. But inoculating the nematode could not survice in the leaf sheath of wheat.The biological characters of the nematode and the influence of some factors were studied. The female could averagely produce 15-20 eggs, one egg at 25℃ everage. It needed 2 days from eggs to larvae, 6 days from larvae to adult nematode. So it was 8days for the neamatode to finish one life cycle. In the acidic condition, the nematode was breeded better. The nematode was breeded most quickly at 22 ℃. The nematode had hightolerance to the temperature and humidity. The nematode could survive the in soil with the water of 1.74%-100%, and at 27 ℃-38 ℃ for 3 months. The nematode was inoculated in the field in the winter （-10℃ to 5.5 ℃）, but it could be still observed in the spring of next year in or on wheat roots.The effects of six pestcides on A.paranechaleos were studied. Biathlon at the concentration of 1 mg · L-1 was no influence on the nematode, but it could stimulate the growth of the nematode at the concentration of 5 mg · L-1. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl had no effects on the nematode either at the concentration of 1 mg · L-1 or at 5 mg · L-1 Acetochior, imidacloprid, dicofol and trichlorphon restrained the nematode both at the concentration of 1 mg · L-1 and at 5 mg · L-1A. paranechaleos could live and propagate on various fungi, but the best were Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia cerealis for the nematode culture.

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CLC: > Agricultural Sciences > Plant Protection > Pest and Disease Control > Crop pests and diseases and their prevention > Cereal crop pests and diseases > Wheat pests and diseases
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