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In polymer solution systems, the size, shape, solubility and dynamic behavior of the polymer chain have an affinity with the interaction among system components. That is important factor of affecting character of polymer systems, and it becomes attentive field in polymer science. Besides experiments, numerical value investigation of model chains is also an important method of research on polymer directly. With the development of computer technique and polymer science, Monte Carlo simulation much more becomes crucial parts for resolving practice problems of polymer science. In quite dilute polymer solution, polymer chain exists in solution independently and without any interaction energy among molecule chain. So, in dilute solution, polymer chain static and dynamic character is similar to single chain. But on the contrary, the interaction energy among molecule will become much more important, and the situation in multiple chain polymer systems sometimes is quite complex, it is almost impossible to resolve and manage in mathematics. But Monte Carlo method can break away the particular problem from the process of theory resolution, and adopt direct simulation way. Monte Carlo simulation will play an increasingly important action in the development of polymer science. In this paper, the author adopt a Monte Carlo simulation method of calculating the energy change value of before and after the movement directly to do research on the interaction relation of the size, shape, and solubility of linear polymer single chain and multiple chain with system components, and also the dynamic character and dynamic process that tend to become thermodynamic balance state with changing of the interaction energy among system components. Thereinto, we utilizes the mean-square end-to-end distance < R 2> and the mean-square radius of gyration < S 2> for measuring size, the mean asphericity factor < A > for shape. And dynamic physical quantum gcm (t)、gm (t)、ge (t)、gr (t) for dynamic character. The mostly results are as follows: (一)single chain system 1. With the increase of the interaction energy εPS between solvent molecule and chain segments, < R 2>, < S 2> and < A > have the same changing rules that become small. That means, the size of polymer chains become small and turn into the ruleless clew shape, and the solvent get to go againstsolving with the increase of εPS. Simultaneity, gcm (t), gm (t), ge (t) and gr (t) become smallness, it make out that polymer chain movement and diffusion get slowness for being hindered. 2. With the increase of the interaction energy εPP among chain segment molecule, < R 2>, < S 2> and < A > become bigness. That means, polymer chain changing trend is relatively spreadable, molecule size become bigness, and the shape of that change from ruleless clew shape to much spreadable club-shaped. gr (t) etc get bigness too. That indicate if polymer chain movement quicken, it will be propitious to chain movement and diffusion. But the influence on εPP is feeblish relatively to εPS, simultaneity, influence on molecule size and shape and chain movement and diffusion is on the small side too. (二)multiple chain system Through simulate study on different chain length but the same volume fraction Φpolymer multiple chain system, we get the similar results with single chain system. To different volume fraction Φbut the same chain length polymer multiple chain system, when the attract effect between solvent molecule and chain segments become relatively greatness, in lesser volume fraction extent, the degree of < R 2> and < S 2> depending upon volume fraction is on the small side. When volume fraction become bigness, the region of every chains occupying will present obvious repetition, < R 2> and < S 2> we gained begin to drop too.
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