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The background and purpose of pulmonary thromboembolism (pulmonary thromboembolism, PTE) for pulmonary embolism (pulmonary embolism, PE), the most common type, accounting for the vast majority of the PE, commonly referred to as PE refers PTE. Third of all disease cause of death, according to the United States epidemiological data, PTE, Fu Wai Hospital, Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 900 autopsies confirmed PTE over the lung segment accounted for 11.0% of the cardiovascular disease. The visible high incidence. In recent years with the increased emphasis on pulmonary embolism, the deepening of the study of the etiology, pathology and pathophysiology, the development of early diagnostic techniques, the diagnosis rate significantly upward trend. However, my misdiagnosis rate is still very high, serious impact on the treatment and prognosis. An effective way to reduce pulmonary embolism mortality is early diagnosis and early thrombolytic therapy. However, pulmonary embolism due to the lack of an effective method of early diagnosis affect treatment, animal models looking for a simple blood test to provide evidence for the early diagnosis and it is essential to assess the treatment effect and disease progression. There are many cytokines involved in the pathological process of pulmonary embolism. Increased with Vasoconstrictive cytokines involved in the formation of pulmonary hypertension, elevated vasodilator cytokines defense reaction of the body embolism, the dynamic changes of these substances can be a good reaction and the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism tendency progression, thrombolytic effect and prognosis, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (calcium, calcitonin gene-related peptid CGRP) in angiotensin II (angiotensin II, Ang II), thromboxane (thromboxane A 2 TXA 2 ), the forefront of doxycycline (prostacyclin, PGI 2 ). In the treatment of pulmonary embolism, application vasodilator cytokine analogs the vasoconstrictor substances antagonist or receptor antagonists can be used as the adjuvant treatment of thrombolysis or light and the main treatment for patients with thrombolysis contraindications. CGRP in pulmonary embolism research less while the TXA to 2 the the PGI 2 research is mainly concentrated in the cardiovascular field, the role although reports in the pulmonary embolism, but in early pulmonary embolism (6 hours) the role has not yet been fully elucidated. The experiments on a variety of cytokines before and after thrombolytic to ideas for a new method of early diagnosis, thrombolysis beyond open up new therapeutic approach. Materials and Methods healthy Chinese white rabbits 30, weighing 2.5 to 3.0 kg, 6-8 months of age, male or female. The experimental animals were divided according to the random number, the pulmonary embolism group, the control group and thrombolysis group (n = 10), the use of self-control and group control. The embolization group and thrombolysis group since the jugular vein injection of autologous blood clots in the rabbit acute pulmonary embolism model, the control group injected with saline. Urokinase the thrombolysis group from the ear vein. The three groups were immediately before the experiment, experiments 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after blood collection, centrifugation, separated plasma at -80 ℃ under test. The results (1) symptoms embolization group and thrombolysis group injected emboli instantly showed faster breathing and heartbeat, nose flap. Severe difficulty breathing, visible and abdominal breathing significantly strengthened, with the nose flap and cyanotic lips, a few could be heard and the wet and dry rales, the individual could be heard and the high-profile wheeze or rhonchus. Few short cough. Some rabbits can be seen obvious twitch the symptoms than injected emboli instantly appear gradually reduced after 3 hours. The symptoms of pulmonary embolism after thrombolysis group ibid., gradually reduce after urokinase thrombolysis significantly reduced after two hours. Each group minority measured elevated rectal temperature before and after the injection of more than 1 ℃. Control group rabbit incision and the injection of saline breathing, heartbeat, no significant accelerated. Seen a slight twitch, no apparent difficulty in breathing and cyanosis of lips, no smell and wet and dry rales. (2) the pathological changes in the gross anatomy embolization group and thrombolytic group visible the rabbit lung surface uneven, the visible point flaky bleeding lesions. Lesions bilateral distribution, heavier and lower lung fields. The control group visible the rabbit lung surface is smooth, no bleeding lesions. Light microscope control group rabbit lung histopathology in the light microscope, the structural integrity of the alveolar wall, pulmonary vascular knot enough complete, and no abnormal changes. Simple pulmonary embolism group rabbit lung tissue microscope alveoli is surrounded by a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar and interstitial focal hemorrhage, pulmonary vascular seen injected blood clots. The thrombolysis group lung histopathology simple pulmonary embolism group is basically the same. (3) cytokine changes CGRP: no significant change in the control group at each time point; significantly higher the embolization group 2,4 hours, six hours to normal; significantly elevated the thrombolysis group 2 hours, 4 hours to reduce to pre-embolization significant difference. TXA 2 : a control group at each time point no significant change; embolization group Ji beginning to rise, continuing to 4 hours; elevated thrombolysis group 1 hour; 2 hours gradually reduced. PGI 2 : control group at each time point no significant difference; elevated embolization group 2,4 hours; the lower six hours; thrombolysis group increased 2 hours, 4 hours down to normal. Conclusions (1) In this study, the use of short-term solidification preparation of autologous blood clots acute the PTE model, pathologically confirmed a success rate of 100%, has good feasibility and simplicity. (2) humoral factors CGRP, of the TXA 2 the the PGI 2 after embolization was significantly higher reduce the after thrombolysis, involved in of acute PTE early the inflammatory response. Monitoring these indicators on the of PTE diagnosis and efficacy judgment of some significance.
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