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Our country is the most populous country, and the world's richest disease groups, disease spectrum characteristics of both developed and developing countries. Endemic to China, or a high incidence of diseases such as liver cancer, the incidence of NPC, even in the more developed regions of the country also was significantly higher than the West; especially viral hepatitis, is still the country's most serious, the most widely infectious diseases. The great harm to our public health occurrence of the disease has a genetic basis, and its main form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP). If detected and identified the gene and the disease susceptible SNP pathogenic SNP as well as with the diagnostic value of the SNP, will contribute to the disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Hepatitis B virus (Hepatitis B virus, HBV) infection is one of the major infectious diseases worldwide. People infected with HBV, about 10% of the individual development of persistent infection, persistent infection individual different clinical outcomes, can be expressed as asymptomatic carriers, chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis and even liver cancer. The main mechanism of persistent HBV infection causing hepatitis due to liver cell killing effect induced by immune cells to viral antigens. Costimulatory molecules as the immune response to the second signal, to play an important role in immune regulation. There are a large number of studies have reported costimulatory molecule gene polymorphism with many immune-related diseases associated with disease severity associated with persistent HBV infection has not been reported. The purpose of our study is the costimulatory molecule gene for susceptibility genes with persistent HBV infection severity and susceptible SNP. We selected 15 of costimulatory molecule genes, including TNFRSF4 (tumor necrosis factor receptor the superfamily, member 4, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4) and its ligand TNFSF4 TNFRSF9 (the tumor necrosis factorreceptor the superfamily, member 9 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9) and its ligand TNFSF9 ICOS (inducible T-cell co-stimulator can induce T cell co-stimulatory factor) and its ligand ICOSL PDCD1 (programmed cell death, programmed cell death factor 1) and its ligand CD274 and PDCD1LG2, CD28, and CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4) and its ligands CD80 and CD86, CD40 and its ligand of CD40L, a total of 41 SNP loci. By polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP) method and sequencing in 192 patients with asymptomatic carriers, 73 patients with chronic hepatitis B patients were classified. Through non-conditional logistical regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, and P values ??for multiple testing correction. The results show that CTLA4 promoter region T-1722C loci with disease severity, and carry at least a C-bit individual compared to individuals carrying the TT genotype HBV persistent infection that occurred after a significant increase in the risk of chronic inflammation. (OR = 2.66,95% CI = 1.46-4.88, P = 0.001). CTLA4 susceptibility genes for chronic hepatitis B, the promoter region of the T-1722C susceptible SNP. Liver cancer mainly by HBV, HCV (Hepatitis C virus) infection and aflatoxin contamination of food and water and excessive consumption of alcohol causes, but not all of the risk factors for exposure to cancer, genetic factors also prompts the body's carcinogenic mechanism important. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is also more popular in our country of ethnic regional malignancy, especially in southern China, the incidence rate of 15-50/100000 almost 100 times Caucasians incidence. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma by EB virus infection, the result of the role of environmental risk factors and genetic susceptibility. And more and more evidence that aberrant methylation of DNA synthesis defects and gene increases the risk of cancer. 5,10 - methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, MTHFR) which plays a key role. Hence, we speculate that the gene polymorphism with liver cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer susceptibility. We selected the two functional sites of MTHFR C677T and A1298C, genotyping by PCR-RFLP method in 328 cases of HBV-related liver cancer cases, 593 cases of nasopharyngeal cancer cases and 480 healthy controls. Non-conditional logistical regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, smoking and drinking, smoking level factors, the results show that the C677T and A1298C with liver cancer susceptibility Susceptibility severity were not associated. Further by gender, age, smoking and drinking, smoking level factors stratified analysis, the results remain associated. Our study shows that the MTHFR C677T and A1298C sites may not play an important role in the mechanism of liver cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer susceptibility.
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