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Research on Neutrality Acts of the United States(1935-1939)

Author: ShangZuo
Tutor: LiXiuQing
School: East China University of Political Science
Course: Legal History
Keywords: Isolationism Neutrality Acts Franklin Roosevelt
CLC: D9
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2013
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Abstract


In the beginning period of the establishment of United States, the foreign policywas deeply affected by commercial spirit and pragmatism. The prevalent “NeutralityConventional Rules” at this time were in accordance with the isolationism foreignpolicy, which constituted the core of diplomacy that time.After World War I, anti-war sentiment spread over this land. In order to be notinvolved in war, United States promulgated series of acts respecting certain neutralityclauses. In the late1930s, under dual pressure of the domestic Great Depression andunrest international situation, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who is aninternationalist, released the famous Roosevelt’s New Deal. The coverage of the NewDeal is involved in all aspects of the federal, politics, economy, diplomacy, and so on.However, the traditional isolationism power could not be overlooked. About theattitude towards foreign affairs, President Roosevelt signed a series of Neutrality Actsas compromises. Not until the attack on Pearl Harbor in1944the United Statesentered into the war, the series of acts were abolished eventually.Pursuing non-interference policy, President Roosevelt played a very importantrole during the process of drafting and revising the acts. In consideration of the federal’s interests, the acts created “flexible space” for the country to quote. Based onthis, at the beginning of World War II, the North America continent was far away fromthe swamp of war, wining great development and trade opportunities.It seems that the content of the acts has some weak points intentionally ornon-intentionally. This demonstrates the U.S. foreign policy in this period. Unlikeorthodox international law, not providing neutrality rights and obligations, the actsfocused emphasis on protection of nation security and overseas markets.In retrospect of the process of publishing and revising the acts, Rooseveltgradually occupied the upper status in the struggle with isolationism. The president’spower expanded a lot, and the limitation provision on freedom of trade became fewerthan before.Generally speaking, reflecting the time’s background, the series of neutrality actsin this period of U.S. guarded the nation’s territory safety, maintained nation’s benefit,provided more development opportunities for the whole country, and far-lastinglyimpact the international relationships.

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