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The present study includes two parts. In the part I, three species of nematodes including one new species and two new records from China were collected and identified from some wild mammals from China. In the part II, population genetic structure of Anisakis pegreffii from fishes in the Yellow Sea was analyzed based on the part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit1 gene (pcox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene (pnad1) using PCR-DGGE coupled sequencing approach. The main results are as follows.1. Taxonomy of some parasitic nematodes from wild mammalsSubulura (Murisubulura) tanjinensis sp. nov. (Ascaridida: Subuluridae) was collected from the intestine of Eutamias sibiricus in the Jixian County, Tianjin, China. The new species differs from the other species of the subgenus Murisubulura in the structure of labial lobes, in the presence or absence of telamon and in the numbers of caudal papillae.Monodontella giraffae Yorke et Maplestone, 1926 (Strongylata: Ancylostomidae) was collected from the biliary duct of liver of Giraffa camelopardalis in the Tianjin Zoo, Tianjin, China. The present specimens are very similar to the original description, however, norrow lateral alae were observed for the first time by SEM; and the detail structures of spicules and genital cone were also described. Meanwhile, the taxonomic status of the genus Monodontella is discussed. This species is recorded for the first time from China.Protostrongylus (Pulmostrongylus) kamenskyi Schulz, 1930 (Strongylata: Protostrongylidae) was collected from the lung of Lepus timidus Linnaeus from Xinjiang, China. Falciform telamon was observed for the first time in this study. This species is recorded for the first time from China.2. Population genetic structure analysis of Anisakis pegreffii from fishes in the Yellow SeaPopulation genetic structure of 1433 samples of Anisakis pegreffii from fishes in the Yellow Sea was analyzed based on pcox1 and pnad1 using PCR-DGGE-coupled sequencing approach. 14 haplotyes (Hap1-14) were detected among 19 populations (Ga, Ar, Ch, Ha, De, La, Mu, Lu, Au, Ze, Cl, Ps, Tr, Sa, Co, Pn, Lo, Clu, Sc). Pcox1 of all samples have same length (384bp) with 13 multiloci including 1 transversion and 12 transitions, while pnad1 is 357 bp long with 9 multiloci including 2 transversions and 7 transitions. Hap 1 and 2 are shared by all populations and represent more than 80% samples, indicating high level gene flew presents among populations. Neighbour-Joining tree of haplotypes was constructed based on the sequence of pcox1 and pnad1 using Mega 4.1 software, clustering result showed hap 13 form a independent branch; while other 13 haplotypes divided 2 branch, one including hap 2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,14;the other including Hap 1,6,11,12. Nucleotide acid with similar component (G+C<A+T ) calculated by Arlequin 3.1. AMOVA analysis showed Fst = 0.00904 among populations (P<0.05), the variations within populations is significantly bigger than the variations among populations, indication the genetic diversity within populations of Anisakis pegreffii in the Yellow Sea is relative high. Fst values between Ga or Mu and Au or Ps have a range from 0.16360 to 0.20464, and P examination is significant (P<0.05), showing the genetic differentiation is relative high among these populations. However, Fst values range from 0-0.15 among most of populations, indicating the genetic differentiation is relative low. Some other Fst values with negative showed no genetic differentiation among these populations (P>0.05). In general, the genetic differentiations are relative low among 19 populations, it is concluded that Anisakis pegreffii in the Yellow Sea has no host specificity.
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