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Two conditions determine the characteristics of reasoning and comparison of experimental study

Author: YinXiaoLei
Tutor: WangMoYun
School: Shaanxi Normal University
Course: Basic Psychology
Keywords: Conditional Reasoning Sufficiency Necessity Abstract material Thematic material
CLC: B812
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 64
Quote: 0
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Abstract


Reasoning is a human problem solving is an important area of ??research, has been very popular with psychologists' attention. Reasoning is unknown from the known information release information thinking activities, logic is defined by a judge or a child is a premise proposition launched a new proposition judge concluded that form of thinking. Reasoning ability is the highest form of people's thinking, is to generate new knowledge is an important way, so including reasoning, including the study of the human mind has a positive meaning. Conditional reasoning is reasoning psychology research areas important aspect. Conditional reasoning refers to a condition in the premise proposition, and the proposition according to the conditions before and after the introduction of relationships between pieces of reasoning conclusion. This study focuses on a sufficient condition for conditional reasoning in conditional reasoning reasoning and judgment necessary characteristics and comparative experimental study material from the abstract and concrete materials to start two experiments investigate students were tested on conditional reasoning judgment on its characteristics and different scenarios the impact of the reasoning process. In Experiment 1, the conditions of use does not make sense propositions link between the front and rear parts of the abstract material, study college students were tested and the necessary and sufficient conditions for conditional reasoning reasoning characteristics of each, and the two inference to make more. In Experiment 2, conditions of use Proposition pieces around a particular link between the specific materials, including causal conditions and non-causal condition two cases. Causal conditions refer to the description of the background material pieces antecedent and a causal relationship, that is caused by the consequent antecedent causes: non-causal conditions refer to the description of the background material antecedent and no causal relationship between the pieces. Causal and non-causal condition in conditions, through the knowledge of background information on setting materials, also includes three cases: (1) alternative scenarios, namely the description of the background material pieces after antecedent is a sufficient but not necessary condition: (2 ) release scenarios, namely the description of the background material pieces after antecedent is not sufficient but necessary conditions: (3) no alternative release scenarios, namely the description of the background material pieces after antecedent is necessary and sufficient condition. Examine specific causal relationship of different materials were tested under the premise of college students and the necessary and sufficient conditions for conditional reasoning reasoning characteristics of each, and were sentenced to different classes under the premise of the reasoning for system analysis and comparison. The results show that: 1. Material through abstract reasoning test comparing two conditions with logical reasoning format equivalent correspondence between new discoveries, sufficient conditions Shaw format reasoning given antecedent significantly greater than the corresponding rate for indeed a necessary condition for affirming format reasoning correct rate. Sufficient condition for denying the antecedent format reasoning correct rate and the corresponding necessary condition negation reasoning correct file format after there was no significant difference. Sufficient condition for affirming formats reasoning correct rate and the corresponding necessary condition ponens reasoning correct format was no significant difference. After sufficient conditions negate the correct file format reasoning was significantly less than the corresponding necessary condition for denying the antecedent format reasoning correct rate. 2 in the causation sufficient conditions under sentence, alternative scenarios on the subjects had no significant effect reasoning: lifting scenario suppressed four formats reasoning. Conditional sentences in the causation necessary under alternative scenarios on the subjects had no significant effect reasoning: lifting scenario suppressed four formats reasoning. 3 In the non-causal fully conditional sentences, an alternative scenario promoted denying the antecedent, affirming, denying the consequent form of reasoning; lifting scenario inhibited denying the antecedent, affirming the reasoning of ponens, denial after pieces of reasoning had no significant effect. Necessary conditions in a non-causal sentence, an alternative scenario promoted ponens, denying the antecedent, denying the consequent inference; lifting scenario inhibited affirming reasoning. 4 In the alternative scenarios and sufficient condition for lifting scenarios sentence under the four causal reasoning formats were not significantly affected. In the absence of adequate alternative release scenario conditional sentences, the causal relationship promotes denying the antecedent, affirming the reasoning of ponens, denying the consequent inference no significant effect. In the alternative scenario prerequisites sentence, the causal relationship between inhibition of the negative after pieces reasoning. Necessary condition for the lifting of scenarios under sentence, causal reasoning format of the four were not significantly affected, but only rates are really low. Release in the absence of alternative scenarios necessary conditional sentences, the causal relationship promotes ponens, denying the antecedent, denying the consequent inference. 5. Specific materials were tested under two conditions to solve the corresponding comparison shows that the logical reasoning: alternative scenarios, as well as lifting scenario causality influence in varying degrees under the two conditions were tested reasoning judge the results.

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