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Effects of Different Contents of Wheat and Different Enzymes in Diets on Performance of Growing Layers

Author: DuanLei
Tutor: ZhaoGuoXian
School: Agricultural University of Hebei
Course: Animal Nutrition and Feed Science
Keywords: wheat enzyme growing laying performance
CLC: S831.5
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 85
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Abstract

To investigate the effects of different contents of wheat and different enzymes in diets on productive performance index, intestinal chyme relative viscosity, caecal bacteria, nutritive material digestibility, immunology index, stool moisture content and amount of Harmful gases index in growing layers,1600 86-day-old Isabel Ting special growing laying hens were randomly divided into 10 groups of 10 replicates of 16 birds each. Group 1 was the control group fed corn diet; test groups were group 2 to 10 with 2×3 factorial design, which were fed with wheat content was 23.3%, 46.6% and 70% with three different enzyme preparations (enzyme 1, enzymes 2, enzyme 3), consisting of nine test diets. The results were showed as follows:(1) Compared with the control, feed consumption at each test groups were decreased, in which the test group 3 was significant (P<0.05), test group 4~7,9 were highly significant (P<0.01), the other test groups were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Compared with the control , daily gain of each test groups were increased, in which group 7 was significant higher (P<0.05), test group 8 to 10 were highly significant (P<0.01), the other test groups was not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio group 5 and 6 were higher than the control, but the differences were not significant (P> 0.05), the other test groups were lower than the control, in which the test group 3,7,10 were significant compared with the control (P<0.05), group 8 and 9 were highly significant (P<0.01). Adding enzyme, 46.6% content wheat diet compared to 23.3% and 70% content wheat diet, feed consumption was respectively decreased by 1.66% (P<0.01), 2.3% (P<0.01), 23.3% content wheat diet compared to 70% content wheat diet, feed consumption showed no significant difference (P>0.05). 70% content wheat diet compared to 23.3% and 46.6% content wheat diet, daily gain was respectively increased by 17.9% (P<0.01), 18% (P<0.01), 23.3% content wheat diet compared to 46.6% content wheat diet, daily gain showed no significant difference (P>0.05). 70% content wheat diet compared to 23.3% and 46.6% content wheat diet,feed conversion ratio was respectively decreased by 7.37% (P<0.01), 10.85%(P<0.01), 23.3% content wheat diet compared to 46.6% content wheat diet, feed conversion ratio showed no significant difference (P>0.05); wheat diets supplemented with different enzyme preparations had no significant impact on feed consumption, daily gain, feed conversion ratio(P>0.05); Between different wheat contents and enzymes ,there was no significant interaction on feed consumption(P>0.05), there was a significant interaction on weight gain(P<0.05), different wheat contents and enzymes had a significant interaction on feed weight ratio(P<0.01).(2) Compared with the control, crude protein digestibility of the test groups were not significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the control, calcium digestibility of the test groups were higher, which were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Phosphorus digestibility of test group 6 was 33.44% higher than the control group, which reached a significant level (P<0.05), the other test groups were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Adding enzyme, 70% content wheat diet was the highest,which was higher 18.82% (P<0.01) than 23.3% conten wheat diet,higher 12.36% (P<0.01) than 46.6% conten wheat diet. The apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly affected by different enzymes (P<0.05). The apparent crude protein digestibility of diet adding enzyme 1 was higher 10.88% (P<0.05) than that adding enzyme 2 and higher 11.9% (P<0.05) than that adding enzyme 3. Different wheat contents and different enzyme were not impacted on apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus(P>0.05).Between different wheat contents and enzymes there was no significant interaction on apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium, phosphorus (P>0.05).(3) Compared with the control, thymus index of test group 9 was increased by 33.33%(P<0.01), the other test groups were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Spleen index of the test groups were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Adding enzymes, the effect of different wheat contents on thymus index was significantly(P<0.01), 70% content wheat diet compared to 23.3%, 46.6% content wheat diet , thymus index were respectively increase by 22.34 % (P<0.05), 12.3% (P<0.05), the effect of different wheat contents on spleen index was not significantly (P>0.05); wheat diets supplemented with different enzyme preparations had no significant impact on thymus index and spleen index (P>0.05); Between wheat contents and the enzyme,there was no significant interaction effect (P>0.05).(4) Compared with the control, Newcastle antibody titer of the test group 8~10 were significantly higher (P<0.05), the other test groups were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Adding enzyme, the effect of different wheat contents on Newcastle antibody titer was not significantly (P>0.05); wheat diets supplemented with different enzyme preparations had no significant impact on Newcastle Disease antibody titers (P> 0.05); Between different amount of wheat and the enzyme there was no significant interaction effect (P>0.05).(5) NH3 emission of the test groups were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05).Compared with the control, H2S emission of test group 5 was increased by 46.91%(P<0.05), the other test groups were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Adding enzyme, the effect of different amount of wheat on the emission of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas was not significantly (P>0.05); Wheat diets supplemented with different enzyme preparations had no significant impact on emission of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas (P>0.05); Between different amount of wheat and the enzyme there was no significant interaction effect on the emission of ammonia (P>0.05).Between two factors there was significant interaction effect on hydrogen sulfide emission (P<0.05).(6) Fecal water of the test groups were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Adding enzyme, the effect of different wheat contents on the amount of fecal water were not significantly (P>0.05); Wheat diets supplemented with different enzyme preparations had no significant impact on the amount of fecal water content (P>0.05); Between wheat contents and the enzyme there was no significant interaction effect (P>0.05).(7) The relative viscosity of the test groups were not significant difference with the control (P>0.05). Adding enzyme, 46.6% content wheat diet compared to 70% content wheat diet, the relative viscosity of duodenal digesta decreased by 1.8% (P<0.05). 23.3% content wheat diet compared to 46.6% and 70% content wheat diet, the relative viscosity of ileal digesta was respectively reduced by 3.64% (P<0.05), 4.5% (P<0.01), different wheat contents had no significant affect on relative viscosity of jejunal digesta (P>0.05); wheat diets supplemented with different enzymes had no significant impact on the relative viscosity of duodenum, jejunum, ileum digesta (P>0.05); Between wheat and enzyme,there was a significant interaction on the relative viscosity of duodenal digesta (P<0.01), between the two factors, there was no significant interaction on the relative viscosity of jejunum, ileum digesta (P>0.05).(8)Compared with the control, E.coli numbers of the test group 2~10 were respectively decreased 8.58% (P<0.01), 7.61% (P<0.01), 9.71% (P<0.01), 8.74% (P<0.01), 7.28% (P<0.01), 7.93% (P<0.01), 7.44% (P<0.01), 5.18% (P<0.01), 6.31% (P<0.01).Lactobacillus numbers of the test group 9 and 10 were decreased by 3.86% (P<0.05),3.08% (P<0.05).Bifidobacteria numbes of the test group 2 and 5 were increased by 4.05% (P<0.01), 4.05% (P<0.05),the group 9 was reduced by 5.31% (P<0.01). Adding enzyme, 23.3% content wheat diet compared to 46.6%, the amount of cecal E. coli was reduced by 1.9% (P<0.05), the amount of Bifidobacteria was increased by 4.34% (P<0.01), Lactobacillus numbers were not significant different(P>0.05). 46.6% content wheat diet compared to 70%, the amount of Lactobacillus was increased by 3.05% (P<0.05), the amount of Bifidobacteria was increased by 5.7% (P<0.01), cecal E. coli numbers were not significant different(P>0.05). 46.6% content wheat diet compared to 70%, there were no significant difference on the amount of cecal E. coli, Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria (P>0.05); Wheat diets supplemented with different enzyme preparations had no significant impact on the amount of cecum E. coli and Lactobacillus (P>0.05), the effect of different enzyme preparations on the amount of Bifidobacterium was significantly(P<0.01), wheat diets supplemented with enzyme 1 was higher 4.88% (P<0.01) than that with enzyme 1, and higher 2.38% (P<0.05) than that with enzyme 3 , adding enzyme 3 compared to enzyme 2, the number of Bifidobacteria was increased by 2.44% (P<0.05); Between different wheat content and the enzyme there was no significant interaction effect on the amount of cecal E. coli, Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria (P>0.05).

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