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A Study on the Group-lending of Microfinance in Bank

Author: YangXingChi
Tutor: ZengZhiGeng
School: Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
Course: Finance
Keywords: Microfinance Clusters Small and micro enterprises Batch credit
CLC: F832.4
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 627
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Abstract

The earliest international microfinance refers to the amount of loans of small, short-term, high interest, unsecured credit loans, loans mainly targeted at low-income business owners, farmers, urban poor. Characterized by the debtor without third-party guarantees or collateral, but mainly by virtue of their reputation to secure loans, the repayment guarantee the creditworthiness of the borrower. Microfinance main objective is the development of agriculture and help farmers out of poverty. Through national governmental organizations, financial institutions and cooperative organizations to release the funds, mainly for agricultural production technology. Early very biased in favor of microfinance public nature, focusing on social welfare, on the profitability of participating institutions do not pay much, and participating institutions can tolerate a lesser extent loss is an organizational innovation, innovation and poverty alleviation. With the development of the international microfinance market and domestic economic situation changes, microfinance has evolved to a kind of financial innovation, financial innovation as a new product to the market. Content from the service to meet the needs of the borrower's funds extended to a range of integrated financial services, including deposit services, payment services and related insurance services; service object expanded to small and micro enterprises, rural primary and middle-income urban and rural workshops and personal; Financial Services purpose from simply promoting the eradication of poverty into urban and rural grassroots financial development and increase employment. Small loans from a focus on public institutions to become focused on profitability and sustainability. Since then, the modern definition of microfinance can be simply expressed as for urban and rural low-income businesses and individuals, to whom continue to provide a package of financial services, financial innovations. Country has its own specific national conditions and social environment. The purpose of the current development of microcredit Grameen Bank in Bangladesh is different. China is currently developing microcredit and the main purpose is to \Microfinance world experience has not been simply copied to China, only in the other countries on the basis of success in line with China's national conditions to explore new models of microfinance to support Chinese grassroots financial reform, support for China's economic development. Current Microfinance good momentum of development in the country, but the bank's participation is not enough, still can not meet a large number of small and micro enterprise credit demand. After analyzing the main reason is derived microfinance transaction costs and credit risks are high, the credit squeeze in large enterprises, the bank credit to small and micro enterprises supplying very little. With the Chinese urban-rural dual structure adjustment and the process of urbanization, making social and economic development and urban and rural grassroots economy has been exacerbated by the conflict between financial constraints. Further restructuring of rural credit cooperatives around to become joint-stock commercial banks, also exacerbated the Rural Commercial Bank's policy and the contradiction between profitability. This time as to be able to explore a solution to these two contradictory way, it is particularly meaningful. So batch credit is made out to solve this problem a new credit model, although some banks have been successfully appeared small and micro enterprises group lending cases, but mainly by a large body of UNPROFOR to conduct business, there is no systematic project to establish process, third-party involvement is not deep, there is no detailed operating procedures, promotion is not enough. For this purpose the article is to \the entire microfinance market as a complete system, and as a starting point for research by analyzing the plight banking system and system characteristics, propose solutions from a system level approach, discuss its overall effectiveness; normative analysis, economic issues raised processing standards to bank expected profit for the value judgment standard, focusing on banks to develop small and micro enterprises the cost of credit to explore ways to achieve this goal and methods; qualitative analysis, literature collect and summarize the data, of things \\Batch mode has two credit process, batch and batch credit project to establish business process. Project to establish the basis for the bank to conduct business conditions, as loans to small and micro enterprises as a means of batch to complete a batch credit project builds need to go through four steps: 1, the industry analysis; 2 Platform; 3, platforms credit program design; 4, the establishment of risk early warning system. These four steps closely together, layers of depth, commercial banks need between the various departments at all levels together with each other to complete the work. In the head office level to establish specialized, small and micro enterprises specialized credit strategy unit, industry analysis completed by the head office, to determine the direction of large industry credit support to exclude high-risk industries. Industry under the guidance of the head office, branch account manager through the project manager on the market with the Branch field investigations, combined with the actual situation of local regional economic development, the completion of the project to build platform selection and platforms, according to platform features designed for the credit market approach established screening criteria to enter the customer's core, the introduction of practical and innovative way of security, under the premise of risk control, to maximize meet customer needs. Credit project in bulk after being reviewed, the credit officer under credit programs in small and micro enterprises within the platform to carry out small loans accepted work, the entire acceptance process must be \By carrying out mass marketing, mining of customer interest, in accordance with the \The content of this system is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter, Introduction. This article discusses the research background and significance, made a literature review of relevant research at home and abroad, and described the research methods, content and research results; second chapter, microfinance needs. Demand for funds from small micro-business level, as a small and micro enterprises through the sources of funds analysis and related documentation, obtained with a large number of small and micro enterprise credit demand; Chapter microfinance banks to develop cost analysis. Respectively, from the capital costs, management costs and transaction costs starting, respectively, made the analysis, and finally to credit rationing model explains the small and micro enterprises difficult to carry out in the bank credit business reasons. And concluded that microfinance banks to carry out operations cost is not high compared microfinance companies, but the credit squeeze facing large enterprises, microfinance higher transaction costs and credit risks are difficult to carry out microfinance banks The main reason; fourth chapter, the bulk of the project to establish credit. Batch credit as a solution to small and micro business loans hard concrete way, the project to establish a focus of this article, customers from thinning, thinning product perspective focuses on the characteristics of the batch and batch credit credit project to establish processes and the processes role. Which process includes the industry analysis, platform architecture, program design and credit risk early warning system establishment; fifth chapter, the bulk flow of credit operations. Credit project builds in a batch, based on the introduction of the \From marketing to standard batch job, and then post-loan management, fully integrated with the project within the industry characteristics, regional characteristics, third-party organization's core features and characteristics of small and micro enterprises; Chapter VI, batch credit advantage. From the transaction costs, credit risks and rewards of starting other businesses, through qualitative analysis, obtained compared to traditional small batch micro-credit business credit business have the advantage. And again through the credit rationing theory, indicating the effectiveness of the credit volume; Chapter VII Conclusion. A summary of this article, this article presents inadequacies, and small quantities of micro-credit research developments proposed credit outlook. The main findings is that, focused on the use of batch credit in the bank and the role of proposed specific credit model, and its analysis of the benefits made. First, analysis of China's small and micro enterprises are facing the problem of credit demand; Second, analysis of China's banks to develop micro-lending business bottlenecks, high transaction costs and credit risk that small micro-enterprise credit benefits are difficult to achieve when the credit market clearing bank's expected rate of return; Again, systematically standardize the process of establishing its bulk credit projects and precautions, refine the customer, refined products, from mass marketing to standard operation, to post-loan management, refinement of the batch credit course of action; finally, come to carry out the benefits of bulk credit, reduction of transaction costs, credit risk reduction and enhance overall competitiveness, making a large number of small and micro enterprise credit yield will reach the expected return on bank , so that the banks are willing to carry out small loans business small and micro enterprises, and thus solve our small and micro enterprises are facing financial constraints. Innovation of this paper lies in the domestic microfinance research perspective from rural financial County grassroots financial sector leads to relationship lending theory, the transaction cost theory and the theory of credit rationing for the analysis points to cluster theory and microcredit refine the theory as the core, the introduction of \Reification propose a solution to the small and micro enterprise credit transaction costs are too high measure. Meanwhile, the paper also inadequate. As relatively new business model, the lack of data to support a large number of very regret not establish empirical analysis model, which leads to weak explanatory power of this article. Also did not make bulk credit may face legal and policy risks. Of course, precisely because of the existence of the above shortcomings, it inspires me in the future study and work hard to learn in-depth study, to continue to manage our small micro-enterprise credit unremitting exploration and innovation.

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CLC: > Economic > Fiscal, monetary > Finance, banking > China's financial,banking > Credit
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