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Open pit coal mine exploitation of occupied and destroyed a lot of land changed mine and the area around the water structure, destruction of flora and fauna, to cause the mine ecological environmental degradation and environmental pollution, triggering a range of social, economic and ecological environment problems. Ecological restoration of mine has aroused extensive attention and become more active research focus. Papers study the current situation of small the Longtan coal mines two mining using the 1992, 2000 and 2006 satellite image data, dynamic evolution and landscape pattern analysis of small Longtan coal mine land use of \soil agrochemical analysis of test methods for the determination of physical and chemical properties of soil stripping zone in the study area. The proposed methods and measures for ecological restoration and reconstruction on the basis of a careful analysis of the theoretical research and engineering research at home and abroad opencast coal mine ecological restoration measures, according to the site conditions of the study area, according to local conditions. The study results show that: (1) the number of structural changes through the analysis of the study area, land use, land-use speed changes can be seen, the 15 years between 1992 to 2006, the land use types of the study area and the area has changed greatly, goaf, dump and peel District mining land and shrub land area gradually increased, arable land and water area of ??the survival of the local residents gradually reduced, a reduction of about 80%. 15 years, the land use types in a faster growth rate of turn row dump gt; the goaf gt; stripping zone gt; shrub land gt; settlements gt; grassland, growth rates were 7.86%, 2.96%, 1.89 %, 1.57%, 0.85% and 0.7%, which dump fastest growing grassland and settlements is relatively slow; decrease in dry land, paddy fields and water area of ??land, including paddy field the fastest reduction rate reached 4.9%, dry land and waters, followed by 3.58% and 3.26%, respectively, indicating that the mining area of ??landscape pattern change reflects the construction and development of the mine is built on the basis of pressure of farmland. (2) come to study land use change process through the establishment of a land-use transition matrix description of the mined-out area, dump and release zone of dry land and paddy fields in the area are transferred from the large amount of arable land into industrial and mining sites and shrub land, land use lesser extent, the decline in agricultural productivity. (3) In accordance with the principles of landscape ecology, Fragstats 3.3 software, select, and calculate the index of the three levels of the different periods of the study area, and changes of landscape pattern of the different periods of the study area. 15 years, with the reduction of arable land and mining land, landscape structure, a large change. Overall, the human mining activities increase landscape fragmentation, biodiversity is affected. (4) The use of the soil agrochemical analysis of the experimental method, determination of physical and chemical properties and soil particles on the soil of the stripping zone. Measurement showed that: stripped the soil by the impact of mining, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content is low, barren soil. At the same time Reference Card celebrate Chomsky soil texture classification standard, measured soil texture found that, stripping soil profile basic structure has not changed, retain water and nutrients better, only need improved soil fertility to crops. (5) since mining study area landscape pattern change and comparative analysis of the patterns of the various reclamation, soil improvement and vegetation configuration ecological restoration measures according to local conditions, intensive agro-ecological model is selected. The Xiaolongtan open pit and two mining area due to mining depth, in Earthwork enough cases to restore into terraces, two dump in excavating soil after planting plantation, prompting the regional ecological environment Buzhaoba surface mine recovery, efficient harmonization of economic, environmental and social benefits of the three effective. The research for this article, to deepen understanding and awareness of the environmental impact of coal mining Xiaolongtan ecological restoration and reconstruction of the mine, not only in the region to carry out theoretical research and technical support, but also for other mines in Yunnan ecological restoration, to achieve regional provides a theoretical basis for the coordinated development of ecological environment - social and economic system, has a important reference role and the practical significance.
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